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Immunological Effects of Probiotics and their Significance to Human Health

  • Reference work entry
Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology

Abstract

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit upon the host (FAO/WHO, 2001). Lactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species are commonly used as probiotics. Other less commonly used probiotics include the yeast Sacchromyces cerevisiae and some non-pathogenic Escherichia coli and Bacillus species. Studies over the past 20 years have demonstrated that probiotic intake is able to confer a range of health benefits including modulation of the immune system, protection against gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections, lowering of blood cholesterol levels, attenuation of overt immuno-inflammatory disorders (such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergies) and anti-cancer effects. However, the strongest clinical evidence for probiotics relates to their effectiveness in improving gut health and modulating (via stimulation or regulation) the host immune system. This chapter provides an overview of the current status of our knowledge regarding the immunostimulatory and immunoregulatory effects of probiotics on the immune system and their significance to human health.

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Abbreviations

AD :

atopic dermatitis

AEDS :

atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome

APC :

antigen presenting cells

CD :

Crohn’s disease

CRC :

colorectal cancer

DCs :

dendritic cells

DM :

diabetes mellitus

GALT :

gut-associated lymphoid tissue

GIT :

gastrointestinal tract

IBD :

inflammatory bowel disease

IEC :

intraepithelial cells

ND :

not done

NK cells :

natural killer cells

ORC :

open-label controlled trial

ORPC :

open randomised placebo-controlled

PAMP :

pathogen-associated molecular patterns

PMN :

polymorphonuclear cells

RA :

rheumatoid arthritis

RDBPC :

randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled

SCORAD :

SCOring atopic dermatitis

Tc :

T cytotoxic cells

Th :

T helper cells

TLRs :

Toll-like receptors

UC :

ulcerative colitis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Animal Production Sciences Research, DPI (Department of Primary Industries), 1 Spring Street, VIC 300, Melbourne, Australia

    Harsharn S. Gill

  2. National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Sunita Grover & Virender K. Batish

  3. School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Australia

    Preet Gill

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  1. Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, UK

    Dimitris Charalampopoulos  & Robert A. Rastall  & 

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Gill, H.S., Grover, S., Batish, V.K., Gill, P. (2009). Immunological Effects of Probiotics and their Significance to Human Health. In: Charalampopoulos, D., Rastall, R.A. (eds) Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79058-9_23

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