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Probiotics for Infectious Diarrhea and Traveler’s Diarrhea – What Do We Really Know?

  • Reference work entry
Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology

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Abstract

Worldwide, diarrhea is the sixth leading cause of premature death (Lopez et al., 2006), accounting for more than two million deaths each year. The majority of the burden is borne in lower and middle income countries, and in children under age 5 (Kosek et al., 2003). Even in the United States where there is easy access to “safe” food and water, there are an estimated 211–375 million episodes of acute diarrhea each year, resulting in 900,000 hospitalizations and 6,000 deaths (Herikstad et al., 2002; Mead et al., 1999). While mortality from diarrhea has decreased over the last 30 years, the incidence and morbidity associated with diarrhea has not improved (Kosek et al., 2003). During the same time period an ever increasing number of enteric pathogens as well as non-infectious conditions have been recognized as causes of acute diarrhea (Guerrant et al., 2001).

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Abbreviations

DAEC :

diffuse adhering E. coli

E. coli :

Escherichia coli

EAggEC :

Enteroaggregative E. coli

EHEC :

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli

EIEC :

Enteroinvasive E. coli

EPEC :

Enteropathogenic E. coli

ETEC :

Enterotoxigenic E. coli

FAO :

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FOS :

fructo-oligosaccharide

GOS :

galacto-oligosaccharide

ICU :

intensive care unit

IDSA :

Infectious Diseases Society of America

Lactobacillus :

LGG, Lactobacillus GG

ORS :

Oral rehydration solution

STEC :

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli

UNICEF :

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

WHO :

World Health Organization

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  1. Depts. of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Jaharis 2, 02111, Boston, MA, USA

    Patricia L. Hibberd

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  1. Department of Food Biosciences, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, UK

    Dimitris Charalampopoulos  & Robert A. Rastall  & 

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Hibberd, P.L. (2009). Probiotics for Infectious Diarrhea and Traveler’s Diarrhea – What Do We Really Know?. In: Charalampopoulos, D., Rastall, R.A. (eds) Prebiotics and Probiotics Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79058-9_22

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