Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Measuring Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Disease Burden in Asia

  • Reference work entry
Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures

Abstract:

Japanese encephalitis is spread in virtually all Asian countries where pig rearing and rice cultivation are common agricultural practices. Disease burden due to JE was assessed in Shanghai, China (temperate region), Bali, Indonesia (tropical region), Northern Provinces of Thailand (subtropical region) and Northern Provinces of Vietnam (subtropical region) by a model of cumulative JE incidence for hypothetical cohorts in the four sites, each consisting of 100,000 newborn babies from birth through 15 years of age. The cumulative JE incidence rates were measured by age-specific, JE incidence rates averaged from an epidemic cycle during the pre-JE immunization eras. The model predicted 271 JE cases, 36 deaths, 81 disabilities, and 3,022 disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost associated with JE for the cohort in China; it predicted 110 JE cases, 11 deaths, 30 disabilities and 1,012 lost DALYs for the cohort of Vietnam. In Thailand, 192 cases, 33 deaths, 92 disabilities, and 3,161 lost DALYs were estimated. In Indonesia, 63 JE cases, 6 JE deaths, 23 disabilities would occur and 1,412 DALYs would be lost due to JE. On average, disability contributes about 58–70% to the DALYs lost in these four countries. Both years lived with disability (YLD) and years of life lost (YLL) were higher in the 0–9 year age group. The overall disease burden due to JE is high for all four countries. However, the burden was highest in Shanghai of the temperate region and lowest on the tropical island of Bali.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 3,000.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

CSF:

cerebrospinal fluid

DALYs:

disability adjusted life years

IgM:

immunoglubin M

JE:

Japanese encephalitis

YLD:

years lived with disability

YLL:

years of life lost

References

  • Burke DS, Leake CJ. (1988). In: Monath TP (ed.) The Arboviruses: Ecology and Epidemiology. CRC, Boca Raton, pp. 63–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty MS, Chakravarti SK, Mukherjee KK, Mitra AC. (1981). Inapparent infection by Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in West Bengal. Indian J Public Health 24(3): 121–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ding D, Kilgore PE, Clemens JD, Wei L, Zhi-Yi X. (2003). Cost-effectiveness of routine immunization to control Japanese encephalitis in Shanghai, China. Bull World Health Organ 81(5): 334–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ding D, Hong Z, Zhao SJ, et al. (2007). Long-term disability from acute childhood Japanese encephalitis in Shanghai, China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77(3): 528–33.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Endy TP, Nisalak A. (2002). Japanese encephalitis virus: ecology and epidemiology. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 267: 11–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman RA, Edelman R, Willhight M, Pantuwatana S, Udomsakdi S. (1973). Study of Japanese encephalitis virus in Chiangmai Valley, Thailand. 3. Human seroepidemiology and inapparent infections. Am J Epidemiol 98(2): 133–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halstead SB, Grosz CR. (1962). Subclinical Japanese encephalitis. I. Infection of Americans with limited residence in Korea. Am J Hyg 75: 190–201.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Halstead SB, Jacobson J. (2003). Japanese encephalitis. Adv Virus Res 61: 103–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanna JN, Ritchie SA, Phillips DA, et al. (1996). An outbreak of Japanese encephalitis in the Torres Strait, Australia, 1995. Med J Aust 165(5): 256–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Igarashi A. (1992). Epidemiology and control of Japanese encephalitis. World Health Stat Q 45(2–3): 299–305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Innis BL. (1996). Japanese encephalitis. In: Porterfield JS, ed. Exotic viral infections. London: Chapman and Hall; 147–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Innis BL, Nisalak A, Nimmannitya S, et al. (1989). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to characterize dengue infections where dengue and Japanese encephalitis co-circulate. Am J Trop Med Hyg 40(4): 418–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kari K, Liu W, Gautama K, et al. (2006). A hospital-based surveillance for Japanese encephalitis in Bali, Indonesia. BMC Med 4: 8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez AD, Salomon J, Ahmad O, Murray CJL, Mafat D. (2001). Life tables for 191 countries: data, methods and results. Geneva: World Health Organization. Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy Discussion Paper No.9. 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowry PW, Truong DH, Hinh LD, et al. (1998). Japanese encephalitis among hospitalized pediatric and adult patients with acute encephalitis syndrome in Hanoi, Vietnam 1995. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58(3): 324–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray CJL, Lopez AD. (1996). The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020. Cambridge (MA): Harvard School of Public Health on behalf of the World Health Organization and the World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon T, Dung NM, Kneen R, Gainsborough M, Vaughn DW, Khanh VT. (2000). Japanese encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68(4): 405–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon T. (2004). Flavivirus encephalitis. N Engl J Med 351(4): 370–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai TF. (2000). New initiatives for the control of Japanese encephalitis by vaccination: minutes of a WHO/CVI meeting, Bangkok, Thailand, 13–15 October 1998. Vaccine 18(Suppl 2): 1–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughn DW, Hoke CH, Jr. (1992). Epidemiol Rev 14: 197–221.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YZ, Siriayayapon P, Zhang HL, et al. (2004). Situational analysis of Japanese encephalitis in Dali prefecture, Yunnan Province, China from 1992 to 2001. Endemic Diseases Bulletin (China) (4): 31–5.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This project was supported by grants from Bill and Melinda Gates Children's Vaccine Program (CVP), Program for Appropriate Technology for Health (PATH), Seattle, WA USA (contract number: 00-GAT.770–790–01149-LPS) and the Korean International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), South Korea (contract number: 2003–138).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Vaccine Institute, Kwanak-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    W. Liu

  2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Neurosciences, Shanghai, China

    D. Ding

  3. International Vaccine Institute, Kwanak-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    J. D. Clemens

  4. Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), Hanoi, Vietnam

    N. T. Yen

  5. Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Immunization Program, Bureau of General Communicable Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand

    V. Porpit

  6. International Vaccine Institute, Kwanak-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Z.‐Y. Xu

Authors
  1. W. Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. Ding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. D. Clemens
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. N. T. Yen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. V. Porpit
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Z.‐Y. Xu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Nutrition and Dietetics Nutritional Sciences Research Division School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, King's College London, Franklin‐Wilkins Building 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK

    Victor R. Preedy (Prof.) (Prof.)

  2. Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Health Science Center 1295 N. Martin, P.O. Box 245155, 85724-5155, Tucson, AZ

    Ronald R. Watson (Prof.) (Prof.)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media LLC

About this entry

Cite this entry

Liu, W., Ding, D., Clemens, J.D., Yen, N.T., Porpit, V., Xu, Z. (2010). Measuring Japanese Encephalitis (JE) Disease Burden in Asia. In: Preedy, V.R., Watson, R.R. (eds) Handbook of Disease Burdens and Quality of Life Measures. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_80

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78665-0_80

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-78664-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-78665-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation