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Materials Science for the Experimental Mechanist

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Book cover Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

This chapter presents selected principles of materials science and engineering relevant to the interpretation of structure–property relationships. Following a brief introduction, the first section describes the atomic basis for the description of structure at various size levels. Types of atomic bonds form a basis for a classification scheme of materials as well as for the distinction between amorphous and crystalline materials. Crystal structures of elements and compounds are described. The second section presents the thermodynamic and kinetic basis for the formation of microstructures and describes the use of phase diagrams for determining the nature and quantity of equilibrium phases present in materials. Principal methods for the observation and determination of structure are described. The structural foundations for phenomenological descriptions of equilibrium, dissipative, and transport properties are described. The chapter includes examples of the relationships among physical phenomena responsible for various mechanical properties and the values of these properties. In conclusion the chapter presents several useful principles for experimental mechanists to consider when measuring and applying values of material properties.

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Abbreviations

CMC:

ceramic matrix composite

GRP:

glass-reinforced plastic

MMC:

metal matrix composites

ODF:

orientation distribution function

OIM:

orientation imaging microscopy

OMC:

organic matrix composites

PMC:

polymer matrix composites

RMS:

root-mean-square

RVE:

representative volume element

SEM:

Society for Experimental Mechanics

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

bcc:

body-centered cubic

fcc:

face-centered cubic

hcp:

hexagonal close-packed

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. El Arroyo Enterprises LLC, 231 Arroyo Sienna Drive, 86332, Sedona, AZ, USA

    Craig S. Hartley Prof.

Authors
  1. Craig S. Hartley Prof.
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Correspondence to Craig S. Hartley Prof. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Room 126, Latrobe Hall, The Johns Hopkins University, 21218-2681, Baltimore, MD, USA, 3400 North Charles Street

    William N. Sharpe Jr. Prof.

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© 2008 Springer-Verlag

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Hartley, C.S. (2008). Materials Science for the Experimental Mechanist. In: Sharpe, W. (eds) Springer Handbook of Experimental Solid Mechanics. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30877-7_2

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