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The Dialect of Immune System in the CNS: The Nervous Tissue as an Immune Compartment for T Cells and Dendritic Cells

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

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Abstract:

There is a growing body of evidence shedding light on the mechanism of immune regulation in the central nervous system (CNS). There are multiple elements that contribute to the special anti-inflammatory environment in this tissue. Unique physiological and anatomic features, soluble mediators and cell surface molecules and immune cells promote the immune privilege status of the CNS. These multiple mechanisms together shape immune responses in the inflamed CNS. A deeper understanding the mechanism of immune privilege in the CNS will provide the basic of successful therapeutic interventions for immune-mediated CNS diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS).

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Abbreviations

α-MSH:

α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

AP:

area postrema

APCs:

antigen-presenting cells

BBB:

blood–brain barrier

CNS:

central nervous system

DC:

dendritic cell

EAE:

experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

ECM:

extracellular matrix

GM-CSF:

macrophage colony-stimulating factor

HUVEC:

human umbilical vein endothelial cell

ICAM-1:

intercellular adhesion molecule-1

IFN-γ:

interferon-γ

IL:

Interleukin

JAM:

junction associated molecule

MIP:

macrophage inflammatory protein

MOG:

myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

MRP:

multidrug resistance-associated proteins

MRP:

multidrug resistance-associated proteins

MS:

multiple sclerosis

NVU:

neurovascular unit

NVU:

neurovascular unit

pDCs:

plasmacytoid DCs

PD-L1:

programmed death ligand 1

PECAM-1:

platelet–endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1

PLP:

proteolipid protein

SST:

Somatostatin

TEER:

transendothelial electrical resistance

TEER:

transendothelial electrical resistance

TJs:

tight junctions

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-α

VCAM-1:

vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

VIP:

vasoactive intestinal peptide

ZO:

zonula occludens

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Authors
  1. Z. Fabry
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  2. E. Reinke
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  3. A. Zozulya
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  4. M. Sandor
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  5. I. Bechmann
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10962, New York, Orangeburg, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. The Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry the National Academy of Sciences, 5/1 Sevag str., 375014, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia

    Armen Galoyan

  3. Dept. Immunophysiology Medical Faculty, Inst. of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Deutschhausstrase 2, D–35037, Marburg, Germany

    Hugo O. Besedovsky

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Fabry, Z., Reinke, E., Zozulya, A., Sandor, M., Bechmann, I. (2008). The Dialect of Immune System in the CNS: The Nervous Tissue as an Immune Compartment for T Cells and Dendritic Cells. In: Lajtha, A., Galoyan, A., Besedovsky, H.O. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30398-7_8

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