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Cholinergic Transmission

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

Abstract:

The cholinergic system can modulate cognitive functions efficiently in the brain acting on a rich assembly of metabotropic and ionotropic receptors. The cholinergic system operates through the cooperation of the muscarinic and the nicotinic subsystems. While muscarinic ACh receptors mediate slow responses with considerable delay, nicotinic facilitation, following activation of nicotinic ACh receptors, evokes relatively fast responses. In some cases muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors form a dual control striatal on certain cell types, such as the spiny interneurons of the striatum. On important aspect of nicotinic transmission is that it modulates, rather than mediate, fast synaptic transmission. Desensitization of these receptors leads to a loss of function that is a key factor in the effect of nicotine during smoking. Desensitization extends the possible states of cholinergic transmission and increases the computational power of the neuron. As most nicotinic receptors are found in nonsynaptic localizations, especially on axons. They can directly release transmitters from presynaptic boutons. Importance of studies on nicotinic and muscarinic effects is highlighted by the fact that cholinergic therapy is the mainstay treatment for Alzheimer's disease. The current view that nonsynaptic communication is dominant in cholinergic transmission also support the future perspective of drug therapy targeting high affinity nonsynaptic receptors.

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Abbreviations

ACh:

acetylcholine

AChE:

acetylcholine-esterase

ChAT:

choline-acetyltranspherase

CNS:

central nervous system

GABA:

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

mAChR:

muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

nAChR:

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

NMDA:

N-methyl-d-aspartate

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Authors
  1. B. Lendvai
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 43, H-1083 Budapest, Szigony, Hungary

    E. Sylvester Vizi

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Lendvai, B. (2008). Cholinergic Transmission. In: Lajtha, A., Vizi, E.S. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30382-6_5

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