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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology pp 39–58Cite as

Brain Phosphatidylserine: Metabolism and Functions

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Abstract:

Phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is involved in cell signaling and apoptosis. In the brain, PtdSer is enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Numerous studies have indicated that the abundance of DHA in the brain is essential for optimal neuronal function. PtdSer concentration in the nervous tissue membranes varies with age, brain areas, cell type and subcellular components. PtdSer is synthesized by base exchange between free serine and the nitrogen base present in phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylcholine. The capability to synthesize PtdSer by base exchange varies with cell types, subcellular fractions and developmental stage. At least two isoforms of PtdSer synthesizing enzymes are present in brain. PtdSer cellular levels also depend on its decarboxylation to phosphatidylethanolamine or conversion to lysoPtdSer by phospholipases. The mechanisms regulating PtdSer synthesis and degradation are still not defined. Thus, the role of PtdSer in cell signaling and apoptosis cannot be clearly established at molecular level. Several reports indicate that alteration in PtdSer synthesis might participate to development of brain damage.

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Abbreviations

BEE:

base exchange enzyme

CGC:

cerebellar granule cells

CHO:

Chinese hamster ovary

DHA:

docosahexaenoic acid

lysoPtdSer:

lysophosphatidylserine

PLA1 :

phospholipase A1

PLA2 :

phospholipase A2

PtdCho:

phosphatidylcholine

PtdEtn:

phosphatidylethanolamine

PtdIns(4,5)P2 :

phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate

PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 :

phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate

PtdSer:

phosphatidylserine

PSD:

PtdSer decarboxylase

PSS:

PtdSer synthase

[S]SBEE:

serine base exchange enzyme specific for serine

[SE]SBEE:

serine/ethanolamine base exchange enzyme

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Authors
  1. R. Mozzi
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  2. S. Buratta
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10962, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Via Saldini 50, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Guido Tettamanti

  3. Department of Internal Medicine Section of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122, Perugia, Italy

    Gianfrancesco Goracci

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Mozzi, R., Buratta, S. (2009). Brain Phosphatidylserine: Metabolism and Functions. In: Lajtha, A., Tettamanti, G., Goracci, G. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30378-9_3

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