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Roles of Cytosolic and Secretory Phospholipases A2 in Oxidative and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in the CNS

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

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Abstract:

Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. There is evolving evidence for a metabolic link between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phospholipases A2 (PLA2), enzymes that hydrolyze fatty acyl groups from the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospholipids. Increased production of ROS and upregulation of PLA2 are important factors underlying the progression of stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. The major goal of this review is to provide recent information on the oxidative and inflammatory pathways associated with PLA2 activation in neurons and glial cells, particularly, the group IV cytosolic PLA2 and the group II secretory PLA2. Special emphasis is placed on signaling pathways and NADPH oxidase, an enzyme producing superoxide anions. Understanding the involvement of these PLA2 in the oxidative and inflammatory environment in central nervous system is an important step for developing novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Abbreviations

AMPA:

2-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate

CDR:

clinical dementia ratings

CNS:

central nervous system

DHA:

docosahexaenoic acid

FFA:

free fatty acids

HNE:

hydroxynonenal

LTP:

Long-term potentiation

M-CSF:

macrophage colony stimulating factor

MDA:

malondiadehyde

MPTP:

1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

PCR (qPCR):

quantitative real-time

PKC:

protein kinase C

PLA2 :

phospholipases A2

PLC:

phospholipase C

PUFA:

polyunsaturated fatty acids

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SPAN:

snake presynaptic PLA2 neurotoxin

TR-FIA:

time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay

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Authors
  1. G. Y. Sun
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  2. A. Y. Sun
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  3. L. A. Horrocks
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  4. A. Simonyi
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10962, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Via Saldini 50, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Guido Tettamanti

  3. Department of Internal Medicine Section of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122, Perugia, Italy

    Gianfrancesco Goracci

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Sun, G.Y., Sun, A.Y., Horrocks, L.A., Simonyi, A. (2009). Roles of Cytosolic and Secretory Phospholipases A2 in Oxidative and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in the CNS. In: Lajtha, A., Tettamanti, G., Goracci, G. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30378-9_20

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