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The Phosphoinositides

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Book cover Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

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Abstract:

Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is a membrane phospholipid that comprises the polar myo-inositol hexahydroxycyclohexane headgroup attached via a phosphoester bond to sn-1,2-diacylgycerol 3-phosphate. The phosphoinositides are derivatives of PtdIns in which one or more of the −OH groups on the inositol ring have undergone esterification with a phosphate group. In many cell lines and tissues, the phosphoinositides represent up to 15% of the total cellular phospholipids, and they show remarkable differences in concentrations among their diverse species (ranging from around 10% of total phospholipids for PtdIns, to trace amounts of PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3). In the central nervous system, the phosphoinositides account for less than 4% of the total phospholipids (less than 1% dry weight in gray matter). Nevertheless, the phosphoinositides have emerged as key regulators of a plethora of biological functions, including synaptic transmission. The importance of this class of lipids is underlined by the finding that genetic impairments in phosphoinositide metabolism produce serious health disorders that often involve the nervous system.

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Acknowledgments

We thank C. P. Berrie for editorial assistance; and E. Fontana for artwork. The authors acknowledge the support of Telethon and AIRC.

Authors
  1. G. D’Angelo
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  2. M. Vicinanza
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  3. A. Di Campli
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  4. M. A. De Matteis
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10962, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Via Saldini 50, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Guido Tettamanti

  3. Department of Internal Medicine Section of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122, Perugia, Italy

    Gianfrancesco Goracci

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D’Angelo, G., Vicinanza, M., Di Campli, A., De Matteis, M.A. (2009). The Phosphoinositides. In: Lajtha, A., Tettamanti, G., Goracci, G. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30378-9_11

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