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Synaptic Plasticity in the Cerebellum

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

Abstract

Certain patterns of neuronal activities induce changes in the efficacy of synaptic transmission. These phenomena are called synaptic plasticity, and assumed as a physiological basis for learning and memory. The cerebellum provides a powerful experimental paradigm for studying synaptic plasticity. The synaptic circuits of the cerebellum consist of the cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei. The cerebellar cortex is a stack of stereotyped circuitry containing only a few types of neurons. Besides, the pattern of projections between the cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar nuclei, and related brain regions is relatively simple. This allows an analysis of synapses between definitely identified neuronal types. The cerebellum is shown to be important for some sorts of motor learning. Thus, one can pursue the physiological significance of cerebellar synaptic plasticity at the behavioral level, using motor learning tasks. To date, various forms of synaptic plasticity have been demonstrated at distinct cerebellar synapses. In this chapter, we review some representative forms of cerebellar synaptic plasticity and discuss their possible mechanisms and physiological significance.

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Abbreviations

AMPAR:

(RS)-α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type ionotropic glutamate receptor

BC:

basket cell

CB1R:

cannabinoid receptor

CF:

climbing fiber

CRF:

corticotrophin-releasing factor

DAG:

diacylglycerol

DCN:

deep cerebellar nuclei

DCNN:

deep cerebellar nuclear neuron

DSE:

depolarization-induced suppression of excitation

DSI:

depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition

EPSPs:

excitatory postsynaptic potentials

ERK1/2:

extracellular signal-regulated kinase

GC:

granule cell

GRIP:

glutamate receptor-interacting protein

IN:

interneuron

IP3R:

IP3 receptor

IP3 :

inositol trisphosphate

IPSPs:

inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

LTD:

long-term depression

LTP:

long-term potentiation

MEK1/2:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

MF:

mossy fiber

mGluR1:

type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor

NMDAR:

N-methyl-D-aspartate-type ionotropic glutamate receptor

OKR:

optokinetic reflex

PC:

Purkinje cell

PF:

parallel fiber

PKA:

protein kinase A

PKC:

protein kinase C

PPD:

paired-pulse depression

PPF:

paired-pulse facilitation

RP:

rebound potentiation

SC:

stellate cell

sGC:

guanylyl cyclase

STD:

short-term depression

STP:

short-term potentiation

VGCCs:

voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

VOR:

vestibulo-ocular reflex

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Acknowledgments

Our work cited in this chapter was partly supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, Culture and Technology of Japan (17,700,305; 18,019,022; and 19,045,019 to T.T., 17,023,021 and 17,100,004 to M.K.).

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  1. T. Tabata
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  2. M. Kano
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 10962, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Group Director of Neuro-Developmental Disorder Research Group, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, 351-0198, 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan

    Katsuhiko Mikoshiba

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Tabata, T., Kano, M. (2009). Synaptic Plasticity in the Cerebellum. In: Lajtha, A., Mikoshiba, K. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30370-3_6

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