The Republic of Bulgaria covers some 110 800 km2 (42 796 mi2) and is situated on the W side of the Black Sea; it is bounded by Romania, the former Yugoslavia (Serbia and Macedonia), Greece and Turkey. The country includes within its borders a great variety of plutonic, volcanic and sedimentary rocks of various ages. Geologically, the region is particularly interesting, for the Balkan Mountains contain the E extremity of the Alpine-Carpathian chain, which is finally cut off by the Black Sea.
The general outline of Bulgarian geology was established during the 19th century by visiting French (Ami Boué, etc.), and Austrian (F. Toula, F. von Hochstetter, etc.) geologlists. Before World War II, Bulgarian geologists conducted their work mainly at the University of Sofia, directed by Stefan Boncev and to a lesser extent at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Gueorgi Bontchev). Since 1945 all fields of geological research and education have advanced, notably with the establishment of the...
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Tchoumatchenco, P.V., Ager, D.V. (1997). Bulgaria. In: Encyclopedia of European and Asian Regional Geology. Encyclopedia of Earth Science. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4495-X_16
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