Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

O

  • Reference work entry
Encyclopedia of Coastal Science

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series ((EESS))

  • 539 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 499.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Bibliography

  1. Baca, B.J., Lankford, T.E., and Gundlach, E.R., 1987. Recovery of Brittany coastal marshes in the eight years following the Amoco Cadiz incident. In Proceedings 1987 Oil Spill Conference. American Petroleum Institute, pp. 459–464.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Etkin, D., 2000. Worldwide Tanker Spill Statistics, Winchester: Environmental Research Consulting.

    Google Scholar 

  3. GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Pollution), 1993. Impact Of Oil And Related Chemicals And Wastes On The Marine Environment. GESAMP Reports and Studies 50: 180pp.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gundlach, E.R., and Hayes, M.O., 1978. Classification of coastal environments in terms of potential vulnerability to oil spill damage. Marine Technology Society Journal, 12(4): 18–27.

    Google Scholar 

  5. ITOPF, 1987. Response to Marine Oil Spills. London: International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation.

    Google Scholar 

  6. NOAA, 1997. Environmental Sensitivity Index Guidelines, Version 2. Seattle: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

    Google Scholar 

  7. NRC, 1985. Oil in the sea: Inputs, Fates and Effects. Washington, D.C.: National Research Council, National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Edwards, R., and Sime, H., 1998. The Sea Empress Oil Spill. London: Terence Dalton. 493pp.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Davies, J.M., and Topping, G., 1997. The Impact of an Oil Spill in Turbulent Waters: The Braer. Edinburg: H.M.S.O. 263pp.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Ritchie, W., 1995. Maritime oil spills-environmental lessons and experiences with special reference to low-risk coastlines. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 1: 63–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Sell, D. et al., 1995. Scientific criteria to optimize oil spill clean up. Proceedings of International Oil Spill Conference, Long Beach, pp. 595–610.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Amos, C.L., and King, E.L., 1984. Bedforms of the Canadian Eastern seaboard: a comparison with global occurrences. Marine Geology, 57: 167–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Belderson, R.H., Johnson, M.A., and Kenyon, N.H., 1982. Bedforms. In Stride, A.H., (ed.), Offshore Tidal Sands, Processes and Deposits. London: Chapman and Hall, pp. 27–55.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dalrymple, R.W., and Hoogendoorn, E.L., 1997. Erosion and deposition on migrating shoreface-attached ridges, Sable Island, Eastern Canada. Geoscience Canada, 24: 25–36.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Duane, D.B., Field, M.E., Meisburger, E.P., Swift, D.J.P., and Williams, S.J., 1972. Linear shoals on the Atlantic inner continental shelf, Florida to Long Island. In Swift, D.J.P., Duane, D.B., and Pilkey, O.H. (eds.), Shelf Sediment Transport: Process and Pattern. Stroudsburg: Dowden, Hutchinson, and Ross, pp. 447–498.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Dyer, K.R., and Huntley, D.A., 1999. The origin, classification, and modeling of sand banks and ridges. Continental Shelf Research, 19: 1285–1330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Huthnance, J.M., 1982. On one mechanism forming linear sand banks. Estuarine and Marine Coastal Science, 14: 79–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kenyon, N.H., Belderson, R.H., Stride, A.H., and Johnson, M.A., 1981. Offshore tidal sand banks as indicators of net sand transport and as potential deposits. In Nio, S.D., Shuttenheim, R.T.C., and van Weering, T.C.E., (eds.), Holocene Marine Sedimentation in the North Sea Basin. Oxford: International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 5, pp. 257–268.

    Google Scholar 

  19. McBride, R.A., and Moslow, T.F., 1991. Origin, evolution, and distribution of shoreface sand ridges, Atlantic inner shelf, USA. Marine Geology, 97: 57–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. McBride, R.A., Anderson, L.C., Tudoran, A., and Roberts, H.H., 1999. Holocene stratigraphic architecture of a sand-rich shelf and the origin of linear shoals: northeastern Gulf of Mexico. In Bergman, K.M., and Snedden, J.W. (eds.), Isolated Shallow Marine Sandbodies: Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis and Sedimentologic Interpretation. Tulsa: Society of Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) Special Publication No. 64, pp. 95–126.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Off, T., 1963. Rhythmic linear sand bodies caused by tidal currents. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 47: 324–341.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Penland, S.P., Suter, J.R., McBride, R.A., Williams, S.J., Kindinger, J.L., and Boyd, R., 1989. Holocene sand shoals offshore of the Mississippi River Delta plain. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, 39: 471–480.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Rodriguez, A.B, Anderson, J.B., Siringan, F.P., and Taviani, M., 1999. Sedimentary facies and genesis of Holocene sand banks on the East Texas inner continental shelf. In Bergman, K.M., and Snedden, J.W. (eds.), Isolated Shallow Marine Sandbodies: Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis and Sedimentologic Interpretation. Tulsa: Society of Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) Special Publication No. 64, pp. 165–178.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  24. Snedden, J.W., and Dalrymple, R.W., 1999. Modern shelf sand ridges: from historical perspective to a unified hydrodynamic and evolutionary model. In Bergman, K.M., and Snedden, J.W. (eds.), Isolated Shallow Marine Sandbodies: Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis and Sedimentologic Interpretation. Tulsa: Society of Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) Special Publication No. 64, pp. 13–28.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  25. Snedden, J.W., Kreisa, R.D., Tillman, R.W., Schweller, W.J., Culver, S.J., and Winn, R.D., 1994. Stratigraphy and genesis of a modern shoreface-attached sand ridge, Peahala Ridge, New Jersey. Journal of Sedimentary Research, B64: 560–581.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Swift, D.J.P., 1985. Response of the shelf floor to flow. In Tillman, R.W., Swift, D.J.P., and Walker, R.G. (eds.), Shelf Sands and Sandstone Reservoirs. Tulsa: Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM) Short Course Notes 13, pp. 135–241.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Swift, D.J.P., and Field, M.E., 1981. Evolution of a classic sand ridge field: Maryland sector, North American inner shelf. Sedimentology, 28: 461–482.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Swift, D.J.P., Parker, G., Lanfredi, N.W., Perillo, G., and Figge, K., 1978. Shoreface-connected sand ridges on American and European shelves: a comparison. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 7: 257–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Uchupi, E., 1968. The Atlantic Continental Shelf and Slope of the United States (Physiography). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 529-I, 30 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Van Veen, J., 1935. Sand waves in the North Sea. Hydrographic Review, 12: 21–28.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Veatch, A.C., and Smith, P.A., 1939. Atlantic submarine valleys of the United States and the Congo submarine Canyon. Boulder: Geological Society of America Special Paper 7, 101 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Allen, J.R.L., 1980. Sand waves: a model of origin and internal structure. Sedimentary Geology, 26: 281–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Arita, M., Joshima, M., Okamura, Y., and Ishibahi, K., 1988. Sea bottom (geological) sonar mosaic; Southern Bungo Strait. Miscellaneous Map Series 28-1, Geological Survey of Japan, one page map (1: 10,000), 7 figures, 1 table, and text.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Barrie, J.V., and Collins, M.B., 1989. Sediment transport on the shelf margin of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. Atlantic Geology, 25: 173–179.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Belderson, R.H., 1986. Offshore tidal and nontidal sand ridges and sheets: differences in morphology and hydrodynamic setting. In Knight, R.J., and McLean, J.R. (eds.), Shelf Sands and Sandstones. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 11, pp. 293–301.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Belderson, R.H., Johnson, M.A., and Kenyon, N.H., 1982. Bedforms. In Stride, A.H. (ed.), Offshore Tidal Sands. London: Chapman and Hall, pp. 27–57.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Belderson, R.H., and Stride, A.H., 1966. Tidal current fashioning of a basal bed. Marine Geology, 4: 237–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Belderson, R.H., and Stride, A.H., 1969. Tidal currents and sand wave profiles in the north-eastern Irish Sea. Nature (London), 222: 74–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Berné, S., Auffret, J.-P., and Walker, P., 1988. Internal structure of subtidal sandwaves revealed by high-resolution seismic reflection. Sedimentology, 35: 5–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Berné, S., Castaing, P., LeDrezen, E., and Lerocolais, G., 1993. Morphology, internal structure, and reversal of large subtidal dunes in the entrance to the Gironde Estuary (France). Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 63: 780–793.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Boggs, A., 1974. Sand wave fields in Taiwan Strait. Geology, 2: 251–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Bokuniewicz, H.J., 1980. Sand transport at the floor of Long Island. In Saltzman, B. (ed.), Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 42. New York: Academic Press, 107–128.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Bokuniewicz, H.J., and Gordon, R.B., 1980. Sediment transport and deposition in Long Island Sound. In Saltzman, B. (ed.), Advances in Geophysics, Vol. 42. New York: Academic Press, pp. 69–106.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Bokuniewicz, H.J., Gordon, R.B., and Kastens, K.A., 1977. Form and migration of sand waves in a large estuary, Long Island Sound. Marine Geology, 24: 185–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Brenner, R.L., 1978. Sussex Sandstone of Wyoming-Example of Cretaceous offshore sedimentation. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 62: 181–200.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Cacchione, D.A., and Drake, D.E., 1979. Sediment transport in Norton Sound, Alaska: regional patterns and GEOPROBE system measurements. US Geological Survey Open File Report, pp. 79–1555.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Caston, V.N.D., and Stride, A.H., 1973. Influence of older relief on the location of sandwaves in a part of the southern North Sea. Estuarine Coastal Marine Science, 1: 379–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Clifton, H.E., Hunter, R.E., and Phillips, R.L., 1971. Depositional structures and processes in the non-barred, high-energy nearshore. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 41: 651–670.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Fenster, M.S., 1995. The Origin and Evolution of the Sand Sheet and Ridge Facies: Eastern Long Island Sound. Ph.D. dissertation, MA: Boston University.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Fenster, M.S., FitzGerald, D.M., Bohlen, W.F., Lewis, R.S., and Baldwin, C.T., 1990. Stability of giant sand waves in eastern Long Island Sound, U.S.A. Marine Geology, 91: 207–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Field, M.E., 1980. Sand bodies on Coastal Plain shelves: Holocene record of the U.S. Atlantic inner shelf off Maryland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 50(2): 505–528.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Field, M.E., Nelson C.H., Cacchione, D.A., and Drake, D.E. 1981. Sand waves on an epicontinental shelf: Northern Bering Sea. Marine Geology, 42: 233–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Figueiredo, A.G., Jr., Sanders, J.E., and Swift, D.J.P., 1982. Stormgraded layers on inner continental shelves: examples from Southern Brazil and the Atlantic coast of the central United States. Sedimentary Geology, 31: 171–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Flemming, B.W., 1978. Sand transport patterns in the Agulhas current (south-east African continental margin). Marine Geoscience Group, University of Cape Town, Technical Report No. 10, pp. 57–60.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Flemming, B.W., 1980. Sand transport and bedform patterns on the continental shelf between Durban and Port Elizabeth (south-east African continental margin). Sedimentary Geology, 26: 179–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Flemming, B.W., 1981. Factors controlling shelf sediment dispersal along the South-east African continental margin. In Nittrouer, C.A. (ed.), Sedimentary Dynamics of Continental Shelves; Marine Geology, 42: 259–277.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Goldring, R., and Bridges, P., 1973. Sublittoral sheet sandstones. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 43: 736–747.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Harris, P.T., and Collins, M.B., 1991. Sand transport in the Bristol Channel: bedload parting zone or mutually evasive transport pathways? Marine Geology, 101: 209–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Harvey, J.G., 1966. Large sand waves in the Irish Sea. Marine Geology, 4: 49–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Hine, A.C., Wilber, R.J., Bane, J.M., Neumann, A.C., and Lorenson, K.R., 1981. Offshore transport of carbonate sands along open, leeward bank margins: northern Bahamas. Marine Geology, 42: 327–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Hobday, D.K., and Morton, R.A., 1984. Lower cretaceous shelf storm deposits, northeast Texas. In Tillman, R.W., and Siemers, C.T. (eds.), Siliciclastic Shelf Sediments. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication No. 34, pp. 205–213.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Hollister, C.D., 1973. Atlantic continental shelf and slope of the United States—texture of surface sediments from New Jersey to southern Florida. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 529-M.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Houbolt, J.J.H.C., 1968. Recent sediments in the southern bight of the North Sea. Geologie Mijnbouw, 47: 254–273.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ikehara, K., 1989. The Kuroshio-generated bedform system in the Osumi Strait, Southern Kyushu, Japan. In Taira, A., and Masuda, F. (eds.), Sedimentary Facies in the Active Plate Margin. Tokyo: Terra Scientific Pub. Co., pp. 261–273.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Johnson, H.D., and Baldwin, C.T., 1986. Shallow siliciclastic seas. In Reading, H.G., (ed.), Sedimentary Environments and Facies, 2nd edn., Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, pp. 229–282.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Johnson, M.A., and Belderson, R.H., 1969. The tidal origin of some vertical sedimentary changes in epicontinental seas. Journal of Geology, 77: 353–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Johnson, M.A., Stride, A.H., Belderson, R.H., and Kenyon, N.H., 1981. Predicted sand-wave formation and decay on a large offshore tidal-current sand-sheet. Special Publications International Association of Sedimentologists, 5: 247–256.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Johnson, M.A., Kenyon, N.H., Belderson, R.H., and Stride, A.H., 1982. Sand transport. In Stride, A.H. (ed.), Offshore Tidal Sands. London: Chapman and Hall, pp. 58–94.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Keller, G.H., and Richards, A.F., 1967. Sediments of the Malacca Strait, Southeast Asia. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 37: 102–127.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Knebel, H.J., 1981. Processes controlling the characteristics of the surficial sand sheet, U.S. Atlantic outer continental shelf. Marine Geology, 42: 349–368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Knebel, H.J., 1989. Modern sedimentary environments in a large tidal estuary, Delaware Bay. Marine Geology, 86: 119–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Knebel, H.J., and Spiker, E., 1977. Thickness and age of surficial sand sheet, Baltimore Canton Trough area: American Association Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 61: 861–871.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Kreisa, R.D., Moiola, R.J., and Nøtvedt, A., 1986. Tidal sand wave facies, Ranco Rojo Sandstone (Permian), Arizona. In Knight, R.J., and McLean, J.R. (eds.), Shelf Sands and Sandstones. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir II, pp. 277–291.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Langhorne, D.N., 1973. A sandwave field in the Outer Thames Estuzry. Marine Geology, 14: 129–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. Langhorne, D.N., 1982. A study of the dynamics of a marine sand wave. Sedimentology, 29: 571–594.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Ludwick, J.C., 1972. Migration of tidal sand waves in Chesapeake Bay entrance. In Swift, D.J.P., Duane, D.B., and Pilkey, O.H. (eds.), Shelf Sediment Transport: Process and Pattern. Dowden, Stroudsburg, PA: Hutchinson, and Ross, Inc., pp. 377–410.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Malikides, M., Harris, P.T., and Tate, P.M., 1989, Sediment transport and flow over sandwaves in non-rectilinear tidal environment: Bass Strait, Australia. Continental Shelf Research, 9: 203–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Mann, R.G., Swift, D.J.P., and Perry, R., 1981. Size classes of flow-transverse bedforms in a subtidal environment, Nantucket Shoals, North American Atlantic Shelf. GeoMarine Letters, 1: 39–43.

    Google Scholar 

  79. McCave, I.N., 1970. Deposition of fine-grained suspended sediment from tidal currents. Journal of Geophysical Research, 75: 4151–4159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. McCave, I.N., 1971. Sand waves in the North Sea off the coast of Holland. Marine Geology, 10: 199–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Middleton, G.V., 1978. Facies. In Fairbridge, R.W., and Bourgeois, J. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Sedimentology. Stroudsburg: Dowden, Hutchison, and Ross, Inc., pp. 323–325.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Mullins, H.T., Neumann, A.C. Wilber, R.J., Hine, A.C., and Chinburg, S.J., 1980. Carbonate sediment drifts in the northern Straits of Florida. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 64: 1701–1717.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Nelson, C.H., Dupré, W.R., Field, M.E., and Howard, J.D., 1982. Variation in sand body types on the eastern Bering Sea epicontinental shelf. Geologie Mijnbouw, 61: 37–48.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Nelson, H.F., and Bray, E.E., 1970. Stratigraphy and history of the Holocene sediments in the Sabine-High island area, Gulf of Mexico. In Morgan, J.P. (ed.), Deltaic Sedimentation: Modern and Ancient. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication No. 15, pp. 48–77.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Newton, R.S., Seibold, E., and Werner, F., 1973. Facies distribution patterns on the Spanish Sahara continental shelf mapped with side-scan sonar. Meteor Forschungsergebnisse (English), C15, 55–77.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Nichols, M.M., and Biggs, R.B., 1985. Estuaries. In Davis, R.A. (ed.), Coastal Sedimentary Environments. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 77–186.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  87. Nio, S.-D., 1976. Marine transgressions as a factor in the formation of sandwave complexes. Geologie Mijnbouw, 55(1–2): 18–40.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Nummedal, D., Wright, R., Swift, D.J.P., Tillman, R.W., and Wolter, N.R., 1989. Depositional systems architecture of shallow marine sequences. In Nummedal, D., and Remy, R.R. (eds.), Cretaceous Shelf Sandstones amd Shelf Depositional Sequences, Western Interior Basin, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico, 28th International Geological Congress Field Trip Guide T119, pp. 35–81.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Park, S.C., and Yoo, D.G., 1988. Depositional history of Quaternary sediments on the continental shelf off the southeastern coast of Korea (Korean Strait). Marine Geology, 79: 65–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Parker, G., Lanfredi, N.W., and Swift, D.J.P., 1982. Seafloor response to flow in a southern hemisphere sandridge field: Argentine inner shelf. Sedimentary Geology, 33: 195–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Pearce, A.F., Schumann, E.H., and Lundie, G.S.H., 1978. Features of the shelf circulation off the Natal coast. South African Journal of Science, 74: 328–331.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Pilkey, O.H., Blackwelder, B.W., Knebel, H.J., and Ayers, M.W., 1981. The Georgia Embayment continental shelf: stratigraphy of a submergence. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 92: 52–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Saito, Y., Nishimura, A., and Matsumoto, E., 1989. Transgressive sand sheet covering the shelf and upper slope off Sendai, Northeast Japan. Marine Geology, 89: 245–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Schlee, J.S., 1973. Atlantic continental shelf and slope of the United States-Sediment texture of the northeastern part. US Geological Survey Professional Paper 529-L.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Shurr, G.W., 1984. Geometry of shelf-sand stone bodies in the Shannon Sand stone of Southezstem Montana. In Tillman, R.W. and Siemers, C.T. (eds.), Silicicastic Shelf Sediments. Society of Economic Poleontologists and Minerslogists, Special Publication No. 34, pp. 63–83.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Stahl, L., Koczan, J., and Swift, D., 1974. Anatomy of a shoreface-connected sand ridge on the New Jersey shelf: implications for the genesis of the shelf surficial sand sheet. Geology, 2: 117–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Sternberg, R.W., and Larsen, L.H., 1976. Frequency of sediment movement on the Washington shelf: a note. Marine Geology, 21: M37–M47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Stride, A.H., 1963. North-east trending ridges of the Celtic Sea. Proceedings Ussher Society, 1: 62–63.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Stride, A.H., 1970. Size and shape trends for sand waves in a depositional zone of the North Sea. Geological Magazine, 107: 469–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Stride, A.H., Belderson, R.H., Kenyon, N.H., and Johnson M.A., 1982. Offshore tidal deposits: sand sheet and sand bank facies. In Stride, A.H. (ed.), Offshore Tidal Sands. London: Chapman and Holf, and Belderson, pp. 95–125.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  101. Stride, A.H., and Belderson, R.H., 1991. Sand transport in the Bristol Channel east of Bull Point and Worms Head: a bed-load parting model with some implications of mutually evasive sand transport paths. Marine Geology, 101: 203–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Stubblefield, W.L., Lavelle, J.W., and Swift, D.J.P., 1975. Sediment response to the present hydraulic regime on the central New Jersey shelf. Journal of Sedimentray Petrology, 45: 337–358.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Swift, D.J.P., 1976. Continental shelf sedimentation. In Stanley, D.J., and Swift, DJ.P. (eds.), Marine Sediment Transport and Environmental Management. New York: Wiley, New York, pp. 311–350.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Swift, D.J.P., Sanford, R.B., Dill, C.E., Jr., and Avignone, N.F., 1971. Textural differentiation on the shore face during erosional retreat of an unconsolidated coast, Cape Henry to Cape Hatteras, western North American shelf. Sedimentology, 16: 221–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. Swift, D.J.P., Kofoed, J.W., Saulsbury, F.P., and Sears, P., 1972. Holocene evolution of the shelf surface, central and southern Atlantic shelf of North America. In Swift, D.J.P., Duane, D.B., and Pilkey, O.H. (eds.), Shelf Sediment Transport: Process and Pattern, Stroudsburg, PA: Dowden, Hutchinson, and Ross, Inc., pp. 499–574.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Swift, D.J.P., Duane, D.B., and T.F. McKinney, 1973. Ridge and swale topography of the Middle Atlantic Bight, North America: secular response to the Holocene hydraulic regime. Marine Geology, 15: 227–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Swift, D.J.P., Young, R.A., Clarke, T.L., Vincent, C.E., Niedoroda, A., and Lesht, B., 1981. Sediment transport in the Middle Atlantic Bight of North America: synopsis of recent observations. Special Publications of International Association of Sedimentalogists, 5: 361–383.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Swift, D.J.P., Figueiredo, A.G., Freeland, F.L., and Oertel, G.F., 1983. Hummocky cross-stratification and megaripples: a geological double standard? Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 53: 1295–1318.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Swift, D.J.P., McKinney, T.F., and Stahl, L., 1984. Recognition of transgressive and post-transgressive sand ridges on the New Jersey continental shelf: discussion. In Tillman, R.W., and Siemers, C.T. (eds.), Siliciclastic Shelf Sediments. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication No. 34, pp. 25–36.

    Google Scholar 

  110. Terwindt, J.H.J., 1971. Sand waves in the Southern Bight of the North Sea. Marine Geology, 10: 51–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. Twichell, D.C., 1983. Bedform distribution and inferred sand transport on Georges Bank, United States Atlantic Continental Shelf. Sedimentology, 30: 695–710.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Twichell, D.C., McClennen, C.E., and Butman, B., 1981. Morphology and processes associated with the accumulation of fine-grained sediment deposited on the southern New England shelf. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 51: 269–280.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Uchupi, E., and Emery, K.O., 1968. Structure of continental margin off Gulf Coast of the United States. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 52: 1162–1193.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Walker, R.G., 1983. Cardium formation 2, Sand-body geometry and stratigraphy in the Garrington-Caroline-Ricinus Area, Alberta—The “ragged blanket” model. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 31(1): 14–26.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Walker, R.G., 1984. Shelf and Shallow Marine Sands. In Walker, R.G. (ed.), Facies Models. Geosciences Canada, Reprint Series 1, pp. 141–170.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Walker, R.G., and Eyles, C.H., 1990. Topography and significance of a basinwide sequence-bounding erosion surface in the Cretaceous Cardium formation, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Sedimentary Geology, 61: 473–496.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Winn R.D., Jr., 1990. Storm deposition in marine sand sheets: Wall Creek Member, Frontier Formation, Powder River Basin, Wyoming. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 61(1): 86–101.

    Google Scholar 

Cross-references

  1. Beach Sediment Characteristics

    Google Scholar 

  2. Beaufort Wind Scale

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cleaning Beaches

    Google Scholar 

  4. Debris (see Marine Debris—Onshore, Offshore, Seafloor Litter)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Environmental Quality

    Google Scholar 

  6. Human Impact on Coasts

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rating beaches

    Google Scholar 

  8. Water Quality

    Google Scholar 

Cross-references

  1. Environmental Quality

    Google Scholar 

  2. Human Impact on Coasts

    Google Scholar 

  3. Marine Debris—Onshore, Offshore, Seafloor Litter

    Google Scholar 

  4. Oil Spills

    Google Scholar 

  5. Rock Coast Processes

    Google Scholar 

  6. Water Quality

    Google Scholar 

Cross-references

  1. Coastal Currents

    Google Scholar 

  2. Continental Shelves

    Google Scholar 

  3. Estuaries

    Google Scholar 

  4. Offshore Sand Sheets

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sediment Transport (see Cross-Shore Sediment Transport and Longshore Sediment Transport)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Shelf Processes

    Google Scholar 

  7. Storm Surge

    Google Scholar 

  8. Tidal Inlets

    Google Scholar 

  9. Tides

    Google Scholar 

Cross-references

  1. Coastal Sedimentary Facies

    Google Scholar 

  2. Continental Shelves

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ingression, Regression, and Transgression

    Google Scholar 

  4. Nearshore Sediment Transport Measurement

    Google Scholar 

  5. Offshore Sand Banks and Linear Sand Ridges

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ripple Marks

    Google Scholar 

  7. Sandy Coasts

    Google Scholar 

  8. Scour and Burial of Objects in Shallow Water

    Google Scholar 

  9. Sequence Stratigraphy

    Google Scholar 

  10. Shelf Processes

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shoreface

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Erich R. Gundlach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. William Ritchie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Randolph A. McBride
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Michael S. Fenster
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA

    Maurice L. Schwartz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer

About this entry

Cite this entry

Gundlach, E.R., Ritchie, W., McBride, R.A., Fenster, M.S. (2005). O. In: Schwartz, M.L. (eds) Encyclopedia of Coastal Science. Encyclopedia of Earth Science Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3880-1_15

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation