Skip to main content

Industrial wood protection

  • 5 Fields of application
  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Directory of Microbicides for the Protection of Materials
  • 1886 Accesses

1 5.17.1 Foreword

This chapter aims to outline the use of microbicides in wood protection formulations, which are applied by industrial pre-treatment processes. This includes a description of wood structure, the influence of wood degrading organisms, methods of determining wood preservative performance and the types of microbicides and formulations used to control the degradative process in different end uses.

The wood protection industry is changing rapidly at the present time due to the increased pressures on the use of microbicides generally. As a result, the role of a wood protection formulation is changing with greater emphasis being placed on aesthetic properties as well as the selection and design of end-use specific products. In this way, the industry is gradually moving away from the situation where a single product is able to treat all commodities such as the copper chrome arsenic (CCA) type product. In achieving this goal, the specific properties of individual microbicides...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 449.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    *

    see Part Two — Microbicide Data

References

  1. AWPA. 2002. American Wood Preservers Association Standards, 2002. ISSN 1534-195X.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Betts, W. D., 1991. The properties and performance of coal tar creosote as a wood preservative. In: ‘The Chemistry of Wood Preservation’ Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85186-476-7.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chittenden, C., Van Der Waals, J., Kreber, B. and Wakeling, R., 2001. The efficacy of Sentry® as a treatment for the control of sapstain in pre-infected radiata pine. The International Research Group on Wood Preservation. IRG/WP 01-60138.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Cook, S. R., Sullivan, J. and Dickinson, D. J., 2002. The bacterial transformation of IPBC. International Research Group on Wood Preservation IRG/WP 02-10437.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Eaton, R. A. and Hale, M. D. C., 1993. Wood. Decay, pests and protection. Chapman and Hall. ISBN 0 412 53120 8.

    Google Scholar 

  6. European Standard EN 20-1 1992. Wood preservatives — Determination of the protective effectiveness against Lyctus Brunneus (Stephens) — Part 1: Application by surface treatment (laboratory method).

    Google Scholar 

  7. European Standard EN 20-2 1993. Wood preservatives — Determination of the protective effectiveness against Lyctus brunneus (Stephens) — Part 2: Application by impregnation (Laboratory method).

    Google Scholar 

  8. European Standard EN 22 1974. Wood preservatives — Determination of eradicant action against Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) larvae (Laboratory method).

    Google Scholar 

  9. European Standard EN 46 1988. Wood Preservatives — Determination of the preventive action against recently hatched larvae of Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) (Laboratory method).

    Google Scholar 

  10. European Standard EN 47 1988. Wood preservatives — Determination of the toxic values against Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) larvae (Laboratory method).

    Google Scholar 

  11. European Standard EN 48 1988. Wood preservatives — Determination of the eradicant action against larvae of Anobium punctatum (De Geer) (Laboratory method).

    Google Scholar 

  12. European Standard EN 49-1 1992. Wood preservatives — Determination of the protective effectiveness against Anobium punctatum (De Geer) by egg-laying and larval survival — Part 1: Application by surface treatment (Laboratory method).

    Google Scholar 

  13. European Standard EN 49-2 1992. Wood preservatives — Determination of the protective effectiveness against Anobium punctatum (De Geer) by egg-laying and larval survival — Part 2: Application by impregnation (Laboratory method).

    Google Scholar 

  14. European Standard EN 84, 1997. Wood Preservatives — Accelerated ageing of treated wood prior to biological testing-Leaching procedure.

    Google Scholar 

  15. European Standard EN 113, 1996. Wood Preservatives — Test method for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes — Determination of toxic values.

    Google Scholar 

  16. European Standard EN 117, 1989. Wood preservatives — Determination of toxic values against Reticulitermes santonensis de Feytaud (Laboratory method).

    Google Scholar 

  17. European Standard EN 118, 1990. Wood preservatives — Determination of preventive action against Reticulitermes santonensis de Feytaud (Laboratory method).

    Google Scholar 

  18. European Standard EN 152-1 and 2, 1988. Test methods for wood preservatives — Laboratory method for determining the preventive effectiveness of a preservative treatment against blue-stain in service. Part 1: Brushing procedure. Part 2: Application by methods other than brushing.

    Google Scholar 

  19. European StandardEN252, 1989. Field test method for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative in ground contact.

    Google Scholar 

  20. European Standard EN 275, 1992. Wood preservatives — Determination of the protective effectiveness against marine borers.

    Google Scholar 

  21. European Standard EN 330-1, 1993. Wood preservatives — Field test method for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative for use under a coating and exposed out of ground contact: L-joint method.

    Google Scholar 

  22. European Standard EN 335-1, 1992. Hazard classes of wood and wood-based products against biological attack — Part 1: Classification of hazard classes.

    Google Scholar 

  23. European Standard EN 350-1, 1994. Durability of wood and wood-based products — Natural durability of solid wood — Part 1: Guide to the principles of testing and classification of the natural durability of wood.

    Google Scholar 

  24. European Standard EN 350-2, 1994. Durability of wood and wood-based products — Natural durability of solid wood — Part 2: Guide to natural durability and treatability of selected wood species of importance in Europe.

    Google Scholar 

  25. European Standard EN 351-1, 1996. Durability of wood and wood-based products — Preservative treated solid wood — Part 1: Classification of preservative penetration and retention.

    Google Scholar 

  26. European Standard EN 370, 1993. Wood preservatives — Determination of eradicant efficacy in preventing emergence of Anobium punctatum (De Geer).

    Google Scholar 

  27. European Standard EN 599-1, 1996. Durability of wood and wood-based products — Performance of preventive wood preservatives as determined by biological tests — Part 1: Specification according to hazard class.

    Google Scholar 

  28. European Standard ENV 807 2001. Wood Preservatives — Determination of the effectiveness against soft rotting micro-fungi and other soil inhabiting micro-organisms.

    Google Scholar 

  29. European Standard EN 1390 1994. Wood preservatives — Determination of the eradicant action against Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus) larvae — Laboratory method.

    Google Scholar 

  30. European Standard ENV 12037 1996. Wood preservatives — Field test method for determining the relative protective effectiveness of a wood preservative exposed out of ground contact — Horizontal lap-joint method.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Fengel, D. and Wegener, G., 1989. Wood, Chemistry, Ultrastructure and Reactions. De Gruyter, ISBN-3-11-012059-3.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Forster, S. C., Williams, G. R., Van Der Flaas, M., Bacon, M. and Gors, J., 2002. Bethogard; A new wood protecting fungicide for use in metal-free ground contact wood preservatives. International Research Group on Wood Preservation. IRG/WP 02-30301.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Grace, J. K., Laks, P. E. and Yamamoto, R. T., 1992. Laboratory evaluation of chlorothalonil against the Formosan subterranean termite. International Research Group on Wood Preservation. IRG/WP92-1559.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Greaves, 1972. Microbial ecology of untreated and copper-chrome-arsenic treated stakes exposed in tropical soil. I. The initial invaders. Can. J. Microbiol. 18, 1923–1931.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Greaves, H. Chin, C. W. and Watkins, J. B., 1985. Improved PEC preservatives with added biocides. International Research Group on Wood Preservation. IRG/WP 13322.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Hale, M. D. C. and Eaton, R. A., 1986. Soft rot cavity formation in five preservative-treated hardwood species. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 86, 585–589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Jermer, J., Bergman, Ö. and Nilsson, T., 1993. Fungus cellar and field tests with tall oil derivatives. Final report after 11 years’ testing. The International Research Group on Wood Preservation Document No. IRG/WP/93-30007.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Laks, P. E., Gutting, K. W. and DeGroot, R. C., 1997. Field performance of wood preservative systems in secondary timber species. International Research Group on Wood Preservation. IRG/WP/97-30152.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Leightley, L. E. and Eaton, R. A., 1977. Mechanisms of decay of timber by aquatic micro-organisms. Rec. Brit. Wood Pres. Assoc. Ann. Conv. 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Meylan, B. A. and Butterfield, B. G., 1972. Three-dimensional structure of wood. A scanning electron microscope study. Syracuse Wood Science Series, 2. Syracuse University Press. ISBN-0-8156-5030-2.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Nilsson, T. and Daniel, G., 1983. Tunnelling bacteria. International Research group on Wood Preservation. IRG/WP 1186.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Nilsson, T. and Singh, A. P., 1984. Cavitation bacteria. International Research group on Wood Preservation. IRG/WP 1235.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Siau, J. F., 1971. Flow in wood. Syracuse Wood Science Series 1. Syracuse University Press. 131 p.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Schoeman, M. W. and Dickinson, D. J., 1998. Growth of Aureobasidium pullulans (de Bary) Arnaud on lignin breakdown products at weathered wood surfaces. Mycologist 11, 169–173.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Singh, A. P., Nilsson, T. and Daniel, G., 1987. Ultrastructure of the attack of the wood of two high lignin tropical hardwood species, Alstonia scholaris and Homalium faetidum, by tunnelling bacteria, J. Inst. Wood. Sci. 11(1), 26–43.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Singh, A. P., Wakeling, R. N. and Drysdale, J. A., 1994. Microbial attack of CCA-treated Pinus radiata timber from a retaining wall. Horzforschung 48, 458–462.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Vinden, P. and Butcher, J. A. 1991. Wood Preservation; Strategies for the future. In: ‘The Chemistry of Wood Preservation’ Published by The Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN 0-85186-276-7.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Warburton, P. and Hughes, A. S. 2002. Further steps in the development of above ground wood preservative systems. International research Group on Wood Preservation. IRG/WP 02-30300.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Williams, G. R., 1987. Sapstain and mould control of freshly felled timber. PhD thesis, Council for National Academic Awards. (CNAA). University of Portsmouth, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Williams, G. R., 1990. Observations on the failure of antisapstain treated timber under non-drying conditions. International Research Group on Wood Preservation. IRG/WP/1437.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Williams, G. R. and Fox, R. F., 1994. The control of copper tolerant basidiomycete fungi in preservative treated wood in ground contact. Proceedings of the American Wood Preservers Association Annual Meeting, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Zabel, R. A. and Morrell, J. J., 1992. Wood Microbiology. Decay and It’s Prevention. Academic Press, Inc. ISBN 0-12-775210-2.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Wilfried Paulus

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Williams, G.R. (2004). Industrial wood protection. In: Paulus, W. (eds) Directory of Microbicides for the Protection of Materials. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2818-0_23

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics