A harbor can be defined as a coastal body of water deep enough for ships and sheltered from winds, waves, and currents. Depending on the vagaries of nature, economics, and politics, coastal populations have usually clustered around harbors, and industrial growth has concentrated about these population centers. Consequently, the natural attributes of some modern seaports do not match the developments that have overtaken them; e.g., channels that comfortably passed the largest sailing vessels in the late 1800s are too shallow for a modern supertanker, and existing wharves are often not equipped to handle container cargo. Moreover, many inhabitants of a coastal city today regard the harbor area primarily as an obstacle to be crossed by bridges or tunnels, as a recreational facility, or as a receptacle for municipal and industrial effluent. Such modern developments and attitudes create the need for harbor surveys.
In general, harbor surveysare undertaken to evaluate the nature of the...
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© 1988 Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
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Grant, A.C. (1988). Harbor surveys . In: General Geology. Encyclopedia of Earth Science. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30844-X_54
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