In one sense, climatology has no special history. Outdoor people—farmers, foresters, sailors—have always been aware of their environment, its physical and chemical dimensions, and its biological effects. As Brooks (1948, p. 155) said, “Anyone who has lived here [Charlottesville, Virginia] a decade or two can give you a pretty clear picture of the climate,” but records and instrumental readings are needed when comparisons or explanations are wanted. Measurements of state, like temperature of air or soil, and of fluxes, like solar radiation, are required for these purposes: (1) to picture the variability of a climate and to assess risks of extreme conditions for personal, agricultural, or economic planning; (2) to compare one place with another or to describe a remote, perhaps never visited place, and answer the perennial question, what is it like there? (3) to understand how climate is formed, how it relates to plants, soil, landforms, and water bodies and the rest of the environment;...
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Miller, D.H. (1987). Climatology, history of. In: Climatology. Encyclopedia of Earth Science. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30749-4_47
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