Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Phylum Verrucomicrobia: A Phylogenetically Heterogeneous Bacterial Group

  • Reference work entry
Book cover The Prokaryotes

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 700.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Literature Cited

  • Albrecht, W., A. Fischer, J. Smida, and E. Stackebrandt. 1987 Verrucomicrobium spinosum, a eubacterium representing an ancient line of descent System. Appl. Microbiol. 10 57–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bano, N., and J. T. Hollibaugh. 2002 Phylogenetic composition of bacterioplankton assemblages from the Arctic Ocean Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 505–518

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bomar, D., and E. Stackebrandt. 1987 5S rRNA sequences from Nitrobacter winogradskyi, Caulobacter crescentus, Stella humosa and Verrucomicrobium spinosum Nucleic Acids Res. 25 9597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bornemann, J., and E. W. Triplett. 1997 Molecular microbial diversity in soils from eastern Amazonia: Evidence for unusual microorganisms and microbial population shifts associated with deforestation Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63 2647–2653

    Google Scholar 

  • Brambilla, E., H. Hippe, A. Hagelstein, B. J. Tindall, and E. Stackebrandt. 2001 16S rDNA diversity of cultured and uncultured prokaryotes of a mat sample from Lake Fryxell, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica Extremophiles 5 23–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chin, K.-J., D. Hahn, U. Hengtsmann, W. Liesack, and P. H. Janssen. 1999 Characterization and identification of numerically abundant culturable bacteria from the anoxic bulk soil of rice paddy microcosms Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 5042–5049

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chin, K.-J., W. Liesack, and P. H. Janssen. 2001 Opitutus terrae gen. nov., sp. nov., to accommodate novel strains of the division “Verrucomicrobia” isolated from rice paddy soil Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 51 1965–1968

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, J.-C., and S.-J. Kim. 2000 Increase in bacterial community diversity in subsurface aquifers receiving livestock wastewater input Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 956–965

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christner, B. C., B. H. Kvitko 2nd, and J. N. Reeve. 2003 Molecular identification of bacteria and eukarya inhabiting an Antarctic cryoconite hole Extremophiles 7 177–183

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen-Bazire, G., W. R. Sistrom, and R. Y. Stanier. 1957 Kinetic studies of pigment synthesis by non-sulphur purple bacteria J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 49 25–68

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coomans, A., T. T. M. Vandekerckhove, and M. Claeys. 2000 Transovarial transmission of symbionts in Xiphinema brevicollum (Nematoda: Longidoridae) Nematology 2 455–461

    Google Scholar 

  • Crump, B. C., E. V. Armbrust, and J. A. Baross. 1999 Phylogenetic analysis of particle-attached and free-living bacterial communities in the Columbia River, its estuary, and the adjacent coastal ocean Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 3192–3204

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeBont, J. A. M., J. T. Staley, and H. S. Pankratz. 1970 Isolation and description of a non-motile, fusiform, stalked bacterium, a representative of a new genus Ant. v. Leeuwenhoek 36 397–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dojka, M. A., P. Hugenholtz, S. K. Haack, and N. R. Pace. 1998 Microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon-and chlorinated-solvent-contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64 3869–3877

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elshahed, M. S, J. M. Senko, F. Z. Najar, S. M. Kenton, B. A. Roe, T. A. Dewers, J. R. Spear, and L. R. Krumholz. 2003 Bacterial diversity and sulfur cycling in a mesophilic sulfide-rich spring Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 5609–5621

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felske, A., and A. D. L. Akkermans. 1998 Prominent occurrence of ribosomes from an uncultured bacterium of the Verrucomicrobiales-cluster in grassland soils Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 26 219–223

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freitag, T. E., and J. I. Prosser. 2003 Community structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria within anoxic marine sediments Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 1359–1371

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garrity, M. G., and J. G. Holt. 2001 The road map to the manual In: D. R. Boone and R. W. Castenholz Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd ed Springer-Verlag New York NY 119–162

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Glöckner, F. O., E. Zaichikov, N. Belkova, L. Denissova, J. Pernthaler, A. Pernthaler, and R. Amann. 2002 Comparative 16S rRNA analysis of lake bacterioplankton reveals globally distributed phylogenetic clusters including an abundant group of actinobacteria Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66 5053–5065

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gorlenko, V. M. 1970 A new phototrophic green sulphur bacterium: Prosthecochloris aestuarii nov. gen. nov. spec Z. Allgem. Mikrobiol. 10 147–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gorlenko, V. M., and E. V. Lebedeva. 1971 New green sulphur bacteria with appendages [in Russian, with English summary] Mikrobiologya 40 1035–1039

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gremion, F., A. Chatzinotas, and H. Harms. 2003 Comparative 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicates that actinobacteria might be a dominant part of the metabolically active bacteria in heavy metal-contaminated bulk and rhizosphere soil Environ. Microbiol. 5 896–907

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedlund, B. P., J. J. Gosink, and J. T. Staley. 1996 Phylogeny of Prosthecobacter fusiformis, the fusiform caulobacters: Members of a recently discovered division of the Bacteria Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46 960–966

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedlund, B. P., J. J. Gosink, and J. T. Staley. 1997 Verrucomicrobia div. nov., a new division of the Bacteria containing three new species of Prosthecobacter Ant. v. Leeuwenhoek 72 29–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hengstmann, U., K.-J. Chin, P. H. Janssen, and W. Liesack. 1999 Comparative phylogenetic assignment of environmental sequences of genes encoding 16S rRNA and numerically abundant culturable bacteria from an anoxic rice paddy soil Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 5050–5058

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henrici, A. T., and D. E. Johnson. 1935 Studies of freshwater bacteria. II: Stalked bacteria, a new order of Schizomycetes J. Bacteriol. 30 61–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hiorns, W. D., B. A. Methé, S. A. Nierzwicki-Bauer, and J. P. Zehr. 1997 Bacterial diversity in Adirondack Mountain lakes as revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequences Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63 2957–2960

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, P., M. Müller, and H. Schlesner. 1977 Aquatic Microbiology Academic Press London UK Society for Applied Bacteriology Symposium Series 6 107–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Hugenholtz, P., B. M. Goebel, and N. R. Pace. 1998a Impact of culture-independent studies on the emerging phylogenetic view of bacterial diversity J. Bacteriol. 180 4765–4774

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hugenholtz, P., C. Pitulle, K. L. Hershberger, and N. R. Pace. 1998b Novel division level bacterial diversity in a Yellowstone hot spring J. Bacteriol. 180 366–376

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Humayoun, S. B., N. Bano, and J. T. Hollibaugh. 2003 Depth distribution of microbial diversity in Mono Lake, a meromictic soda lake in Californa Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69 1030–1042

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janssen, P. H., A. Schumann, E. Mörschel, and F. A. Rainey. 1997 Novel anaerobic ultramicrobacteria belonging to the Verrucomicrobiales lineage of bacterial descent isolated by dilution culture from anoxic rice paddy soil Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63 1382–1388

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janssen, P. H., P. S. Yates, B. E. Grinton, P. M. Taylor, and M. Sait. 2002 Improved culturability of soil bacteria and isolation in pure culture of novel members of the divisions Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68 2391–2396

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, C., R. Samudrala, I. Anderson, B. P. Hedlund, G. Petroni, N. Michailova, N. Pinel, R. Overbeek, G. Rosati, and J. T. Staley. 2002 Genes for the cytoskeletal protein tubulin in the bacterial genus Prosthecobacter PNAS 99 17049–17054

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juretschko, S., A. Loy, S. Lehner, and M. Wagner. 2002 The microbial community composition of a nitrifying-denitrifying activated sludge from an industrial sewage treatment plant analyzed by the full-cycle rRNA approach System. Appl. Microbiol. 25 84–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S.-Y., J. Bollinger, D. Bezdicek, and A. Ogram. 1996 Estimation of the abundance of an uncultured soil bacterial strain by competitive quantitative PCR method Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62 3787–3793

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liesack, W., and E. Stackebrandt. 1992 Occurrence of novel groups of the domain Bacteria as revealed by analysis of genetic material isolated from an Australian terrestrial environment J. Bacteriol. 174 5072–5078

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez-Garcia, P., F. Gaill, and D. Moreira. 2002 Wide bacterial diversity associated with tubes of the vent worm Riftia pachyptila Environ. Microbiol. 4 204–215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyman, J., and R. H. Fleming. 1940 Composition of sea water J. Marine Res. (Sears Foundation) 3 134–146

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madrid, V. M., G. T. Taylor, M. I. Scranton, and A. Y. Chistoserdov. 2001 Phylogenetic diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities in the anoxic zone of the Cariaco Basin Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 1663–1674

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCaig, A. E., L. A. Glover, and J. I. Prosser. 1999 Molecular analysis of bacterial community structure and diversity in unimproved and improved upland grass pastures Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 1721–1730

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Farrell, K. A., and P. H. Janssen. 1999 Detection of Verrucomicrobia in a pasture soil by PCR-mediated amplification of 16S rRNA genes Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 4280–4284

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petroni, G., S. Spring, K.-H. Schleifer, F. Verni, and G. Rosati. 2000 Defensive extrusive ectosymbionts of Euplotidium (Ciliophora) that contain microtubule-like structures are bacteria related to Verrucomicrobia Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97 1813–1817

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poindexter, J. S., and J. T. Staley. 1989 Prosthecobacter In: J. T. Staley, M. Bryant, and N. Pfennig (Eds.) Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 1st ed. Williams and Wilkins Baltimore MD 3 1942–1945

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravenschlag, K., K. Sahm, J. Pernthaler, and R. Amann. 1999 High bacterial diversity in permanently cold marine sediments Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 3982–3989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rheims, H., F. A. Rainey, and E. Stackebrandt. 1996a A molecular approach to search for diversity among bacteria in the environment J. Indust. Microbiol. 17 159–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rheims, H., C. Sproer, F. A. Rainey, and E. Stackebrandt. 1996b Molecular biological evidence for the occurrence of uncultured members of the actinomycete line of descent in different environments and geographical locations Microbiology 142 2863–2870

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosati, G., P. Lenzi, and V. Franco. 1993 “Epixenisomes”: Peculiar epibionts of the protozoon ciliate Euplotidium itoi. Do their cytoplasmic tubules consist of tubulin? Micron 24 465–471

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosati, G., M. A. Giambelluca, M. Grossi, and A. Morelli. 1997 Epixenosomes, peculiar epibionts of the ciliate Euplotidium itoi: involvement of membrane receptors and the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system in the ejecting process Protoplasma 197 57–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosati, G., G. Petroni, S. Quochi, L. Modeo, and V. Franco. 1999 Epixenosomes: peculiar epibionts of the hypotrich ciliate Euplotidium itoi defend their host against predators J. Euk. Microbiol. 46 278–282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai, T., K. Ishizuka, and I. Kato. 2003 Isolation and characterization of a fucoidan-degrading marine bacterium Mar. Biotechnol. 5 409–416

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salzman, N. H., H. de Jong, Y. Paterson, H. J. M. Harmsen, G. W. Welling, and N. A. Bos. 2002 Analysis of 16S libraries of mouse gastrointestinal microflora reveals a large new group of mouse intestinal bacteria Microbiology 148 3651–3660

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer, H., P. Servais, and G. Muyzer. 2000 Successional changes in the genetic diversity of a marine bacterial assemblage during confinement Arch. Microbiol. 173 138–145

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesner, H. 1986 Pirella marina sp. nov., a budding, peptidoglycan-less bacterium from brackish water System. Appl. Microbiol. 8 177–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesner, H. 1987 Verrucomicrobium spinosum gen. nov., sp. nov.: a fimbriated prosthecate bacterium System. Appl. Microbiol. 10 54–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlesner, H. 1992 The genus verrucomicrobium In: A. Balows, H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, and K.-H. Schleifer The Prokaryotes Springer-Verlag New York NY IV 3806–3808

    Google Scholar 

  • Sittig, M., and H. Schlesner. 1993 Chemotaxonomic investigation of various prosthecate and/or budding bacteria System. Appl. Microbiol. 16 92–103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staley, J. T. 1968 Prosthecomicrobium and Ancalomicrobium: New freshwater prosthecate bacteria J. Bacteriol. 95 1921–1942

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staley, J. T., J. A. M. DeBont, and K. DeJonge. 1976 Prosthecobacter fusiformis nov. gen. et sp., the fusiform caulobacter Ant. v. Leeuwenhoek 42 333–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staley, J. T.. 1992 The genera: prosthecomicrobium, ancalomicrobium and prosthecobacter In: A. Balows, H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, and K.-H. Schleifer (Eds.) The Prokaryotes Springer-Verlag New York NY III 2160–2166

    Google Scholar 

  • Stams, A. J. M., J. B. van Dijk, C. Dijkema and C. M. Plugge. 1993 Growth of syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria with fumarate in the absence of methanogenic bacteria Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59 1114–1119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suau, A., R. Bonnet, M. Sutren, J.-J. Godon, G. R. Gibson, M. D. Collins, and J. Doré. 1999 Direct analysis of genes encoding 16S rRNA from complex communities reveals many novel molecular species within the human gut Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65 4799–4807

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, C. W., and A. C. Palmisano. 1984 Sea ice microbial communities: distribution, abundance, and diversity of ice bacteria in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, in 1980 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47 788–795

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanner, M. A., C. L. Everett, W. J. Coleman, M. M. Yang, and D. C. Youvan. 2000 Complex microbial communities inhabiting sulfide-rich black mud from marine coastal environments Biotechnology 8 1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Ueda, T., Y. Suga, and T. Matsuguchi. 1995 Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a soil microbial community in a soy bean field Eur. J. Soil Sci. 46 415–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urakawa, H., K. Kita-Tsukamoto, and K. Ohwada. 1999 Microbial diversity in marine sediments from Sagami Bay and Tokyo Bay, Japan, as determined by 16S rRNA gene analysis Microbiology 145 3305–3315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vandekerckhove, T. T. M., A. Willems, M. Gillis, and A. Coomans. 2000 Occurrence of novel verrucomicrobial species, endosymbiotic and associated with parthenogenesis in Xiphinema americanum-group species (Nematoda, Longidoridae) J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 50 2197–2205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasilyeva, L. V. 1985 Stella, a new genus of soil prosthecobacteria, with proposals for Stella humosa sp. nov. and Stella vacuolata sp. nov Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35 518–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward-Rainey, N., F. A. Rainey, H. Schlesner, and E. Stackebrandt. 1995 Assignment of hitherto unidentified 16S rDNA species to a main line of descent within the domain Bacteria Microbiology 141 3247–3250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward-Rainey, N., F. A. Rainey, and E. Stackebrandt. 1997 The presence of a dnaK (HSP70) multigene family in members of the orders Planctomycetales and Verrucomicrobiales J. Bacteriol. 179 6360–6366

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wise, M. G., J. V. McArthur, and L. J. Shimkets. 1997 Bacterial diversity of a Carolina bay as determined by 16S rRNA gene analysis: Confirmation of novel taxa Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63 1505–1514

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zoetendal, E. G., C. M. Plugge, A. D. Akkermans, and W. M. de Vos. 2003 Victivallis vadensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a sugar-fermenting anaerobe from human faeces Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53 211–215

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zwart, G., R. Huismans, M. P. van Agterveld, Y. van de Peer, P. De Rijk, H. Eenhoorn, G. Muyzer, E. J. van Hannen, H. J. Gons, and H. J. Laanbroek. 1998 Divergent members of the bacterial division Verrucomicrobiales in a temperate freshwater lake FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 25 159–169

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Heinz Schlesner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cheryl Jenkins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. James T. Staley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Box 196, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0312, USA

    Martin Dworkin Professor Dr. (Editor-in-Chief) (Editor-in-Chief)

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Medical School, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild, D039, Stanford, CA, 94305-5124, USA

    Stanley Falkow

  3. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  4. Department of Microbiology, Technical University Munich, 80290, Munich, Germany

    Karl-Heinz Schleifer

  5. DSMZ- German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2006 Springer-Verlag

About this entry

Cite this entry

Schlesner, H., Jenkins, C., Staley, J.T. (2006). The Phylum Verrucomicrobia: A Phylogenetically Heterogeneous Bacterial Group. In: Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, KH., Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30747-8_37

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation