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The Genus Escherichia

  • SECTION 3.3 Gamma Subclass
  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
The Prokaryotes

Introduction

Escherichia coli, originally called “Bacterium coli commune,” was first isolated from the feces of a child in 1885 by the Austrian pediatrician Theodor Escherich (Escherich, 1885). Escherichia coli is a common inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. There are E. coli strains that are harmless commensals of the intestinal tract and others that are major pathogens of humans and animals. The pathogenic E. coli are divided into those strains causing disease inside the intestinal tract and others capable of infection at extra-intestinal sites (Kaper et al., 2004). Escherichia coli is easily cultured in the clinical laboratory, but the identification of the different pathogenic genotypes requires virulence gene detection methods not typically available in most clinical laboratories. Escherichia colican be found secondarily in soil and water as the result of fecal contamination. Classically, its detection has been used as an indicator of poor water...

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Authors
  1. Rodney A. Welch
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota, 196, Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0312, USA

    Martin Dworkin

  2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Medical School, 299 Campus Drive, Fairchild, Stanford, CA, 94305-5124, USA

    Stanley Falkow

  3. Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat-Aviv, Israel

    Eugene Rosenberg

  4. Department of Microbiology, Technical University Munich, 80290, Munich, Germany

    Karl-Heinz Schleifer

  5. DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany

    Erko Stackebrandt

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© 2006 Springer-Verlag

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Welch, R.A. (2006). The Genus Escherichia. In: Dworkin, M., Falkow, S., Rosenberg, E., Schleifer, KH., Stackebrandt, E. (eds) The Prokaryotes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-30746-X_3

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