Geology

Geology is the science of the formation and evolution of the Earth, its composition, internal structure, external features and the different spheres of the Earth as well as their relationships with the emergence and evolution of life. The study of the Earth’s materials and composition includes geochemistry, mineralogy and petrology. The study of crustal movement includes geodynamics, structural geology, geotectonics, geophysics, volcanology, and seismology. The study of the Earth’s history encompasses historical geology, stratigraphy and palaeontology. The study of earth resource development includes mineral deposits and energy geology (oil and gas, nuclear energy, and geothermal), hydrogeology, environmental geology, disaster geology, engineering geology and tourism geology. The research skills and techniques applied in geology comprise geological surveys and exploration, geophysical and geochemical surveys and analysis, geological mapping, remote sensing, prospecting, and earth...