Nanjing Volcanoes Landscape

Nanjing Volcano is a broad concept. It actually represents the Cenozoic volcanic clusters in Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces, including the Jiangning Fangshan in southern Nanjing, the volcanoes around Liuhe, Xuyi and Yizheng in northern Nanjing, and Mingguang Volcano in Anhui Province. There are more than 20 volcanoes. The term Nanjing volcanoes was first proposed by Ferdinand von Richthofen, and Anderson conducted surveys in 1871 and 1876. These volcanoes mainly formed in the Miocene. In 1948, Cheng Yuqi conducted detailed volcanic mapping and petrologic research on the Jiangning Fangshan and published related monographs and survey reports. These publications have historical significance in China’s research on volcanic geology. The Liuhe volcanoes have been designated a national geopark, and the Jiangning Fangshan has been included as part of the Nanjing Tangshan-Fangshan National Geopark. The Liuhe basalt has well-developed columnar joints. The columnar joints at Guizi Mountain, which...