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Encyclopedia of Agrophysics pp 700–705Cite as

Rheology in Soils

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Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Definition

Rheology Greek: rhei (ρει): flow; logos (λογοσ): science; science of flow behavior.

ta panta rhei (τα παντα ρει) Everything flows (Heraklit, ~2500 year BP).

Introduction

Rheology is a science dealing with the mechanical behavior of fluids and plastic bodies when subjected to external stresses. Hooke’s law for a perfect elastic body, Newton’s law for ideal fluids, and finally, Bingham’s yield represent terms on which rheology is based (Bingham, 1922). Theoretical aspects of rheology are the relation of the flow/deformation behavior of material and its internal structure (e.g., the orientation of particles) and the flow/deformation behavior of materials that cannot be described by classical fluid mechanics or elasticity.

Fundamentals of rheology: thixotropy and rheopexy

Thixotropic (thixis (τιξισ): touch; tropous (τροποσ): turn, change) behavior is a time-dependent phenomenon. The viscosity η(Pa s) of a pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid decreases, the longer the influence of...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts-University zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, D-24118, Kiel, Germany

    Wibke Markgraf

Authors
  1. Wibke Markgraf
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wibke Markgraf .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland

    Jan Gliński , Józef Horabik  & Jerzy Lipiec ,  & 

Electronic supplementary material

Amplitude sweep test conducted with a rotational rheometer (MCR 300 Paar Physica Co., Ostfildern, Germany) in oscillatory mode, with controlled shear deformation (CSR): γ = 0.0001… 100%, frequency f = 0.5 Hz, 30 measuring points, duration of one test: 15–18 min (depending on the texture and water content). Parallel plate measuring system: upper oscillating plate 25 mm in diameter with profiled surface, fixed plate at bottom: 50 mm in diameter also with profiled surface, plate distance: 4 mm. A constant temperature (20°C) is controlled by a Peltier unit. Stiffness degradation (= distance-controlled work in Nm) is detected online; shear moduli G′ and G″ (Pa) and/or loss factor tan δ (−) vs. deformation γ (%) are plotted simultaneously. The calculation of the linear viscoelastic (LVE) range and integral z can be done by using the same software which controls the measuring system: US 200 (Paar Physica Co., Ostfildern, Germany).

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Markgraf, W. (2011). Rheology in Soils. In: Gliński, J., Horabik, J., Lipiec, J. (eds) Encyclopedia of Agrophysics. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_133

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