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DNA Damage

Encyclopedia of Astrobiology

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Synonyms

Alteration

Definition

DNAdamage consists in chemical modifications of the deoxyribonucleic acid components that include alterations of the four main purine (adenine, guanine) and pyrimidine (cytosine, thymine) bases, the relatively minor 5-methylcytosine base and the 2-deoxyribose moiety. According to the damaging agents that may be endogenous (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite, etc.) and exogenous (solar light, ionizing radiation, alkylating compounds, etc.), several classes of DNA lesions may be generated. These include single- and double-strand breaks, normal and oxidized abasic sites, single modified bases (oxidized lesions, alkylated adducts, addition products with reactive aldehyde arising from the breakdown of lipid peroxides, and 2-deoxyribose oxidation), tandem modifications (intrastrand bipyrimidine photoproducts, vicinal oxidized bases), DNA-protein cross-links, interstrand cross-links, and clustered lesions (association...

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References and Further Reading

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, Insitut Nanosciences et Cryogénie/CEA, Grenoble, France

    Thierry Douki

  2. Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada

    Jean Cadet

Authors
  1. Thierry Douki
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  2. Jean Cadet
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Correspondence to Jean Cadet .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Labo. d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux (LAB), Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de l'Univers (OASU), Floirac CX, France

    Muriel Gargaud

  2. Astronomy Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA

    William M. Irvine

  3. Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Ricardo Amils

  4. Geophysical Lab., Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA

    Henderson James Cleaves

  5. Dépt. Sc. de la Terre et de l’Atmosphère, Université du Québec, Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Daniele Pinti

  6. Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), Inst. Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain

    José Cernicharo Quintanilla

  7. Centre National d'Etudes Spatiale (CNES) DPI/E2U, Paris CX, France

    Michel Viso

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Douki, T., Cadet, J. (2019). DNA Damage. In: Gargaud, M., et al. Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_451-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_451-3

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-27833-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-27833-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Physics and AstronomyReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

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Chapter history

  1. Latest

    DNA Damage
    Published:
    11 December 2021

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_451-4

  2. DNA Damage
    Published:
    23 August 2019

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_451-3

  3. Original

    DNA Damage
    Published:
    21 April 2015

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_451-2

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