Definition
Tension elements designed to resist tension forces in the rock, usually made of a steel bar installed in pre-drilled hole and grouted.
Characteristics
A rock bolt has the following elements:
Head is the anchor end outside the ground, comprising a plate, a nut, and a bearing plate.
Bonded length is the length that transmits tension forces to the ground.
Spacer is a plastic device, not always used to keep the tendon centered in the drill hole (Fig. 1).
Rock Bolts, Fig. 1 
Rock bolt (By courtesy of Dywidag)
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References
Ortigao JAR, Brito H (2004) Anchors, bolts and nails, Chapter 11. In: Ortigao JAR, Sayao AFSFJ (eds) Handbook of slope stabilisation. Springer, Heidelburg. www.springeronline.com, 478 p
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Ortigao, A. (2018). Rock Bolts. In: Bobrowsky, P.T., Marker, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Engineering Geology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_241
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_241
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