Definitions
- Manual Scavenging :
-
Manual scavenging refers to the practice of manually cleaning and carrying of human excreta from dry latrines and open areas using primitive instruments such as metal sheets, brooms, buckets, and baskets.
- Sustainable Development Goals/Global Goals :
-
Sustainable Development Goals are the universal threshold for action toward development. In general, it includes an objective of sustainability and the elimination of extreme poverty with the delivery of dignified life in specific.
- Untouchables :
-
Untouchables are those people who are marginalized, stratified, and often stigmatized based on caste, creed, race, color, and class. This discrimination makes them unable to contribute in the development of an inclusive society.
- Lower Middle-Income Countries :
-
According to the World Bank, Lower Middle-Income Countries are those with a GNI per capita between $996 and $3895 (The World Bank 2019).
Introduction
When the population around the globe is eagerly discussing...
References
Anahitaa B (2018) The wire, the nine kinds of manual scavenging in India, accessed at https://thewire.in/labour/manual-scavenging-sanitation-workers on 2nd April 2019
Aswini B (2017) Manual scavenging – a bolt on Indian Society. IOSR J Bus Manag (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319–7668. 19(7) Ver. IV. (July 2017):28–32
Chandra R (1999) Rehabilitation of scavengers. Econ Polit Wkly 34(37):2635–2636
D’souza P (2016) Clean India, unclean Indians beyond the Bhim Yatra. Econ Polit Wkly 51(26):22–25
Dalit Solidarity (2019) accessed on 23rd March 2019 from https://www.dalitsolidarity.org/dalits-and-untoucchability.html
Dawn (2019) Cleaning of drains and sewers unlikely to begin before mid-July accessed on 27th September 2019 from https://www.dawn.com/news/1403038
Department of International Development: the UK (2019) accessed on 3rd April 2019 from https://devtracker.dfid.gov.uk/countries/IN/projects
Hanchinamani BB (2001) Human rights abuses of Dalits in India. Hum Rights Brief 8(2):6
Indian Legal Solution accessed on 14th March 2019 from https://indianlegalsolution.com/
IDRC-International Development Research Centre accessed on 2nd February 2019 from https://www.idrc.ca/en/funding
ILO (2019) “Asian decent work decade resource kit: Social protection, employability and local development” accessed on 3rd March 2019 from https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/%2D%2D-asia/%2D%2D-ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_098262.pdf
ILO Resource Handbook for Ending Manual Scavenging (2015). http://www.dalits.nl/pdf/ResourceHandbookForEndingManualScavenging.pdf
ILO Resource handbook for ending manual scavenging accessed on 24th March 2019 from http://idsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Summary-of-ILO-resource-handbook-for-ending-manual-scavenging-2015.pdf
ISDN (2017) “The Inhuman Caste and gender-based sanitation practice of manual scavenging in India” accessed on 12th March 2019 from https://idsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Submission-Caste-and-Gender-Based-Sanitation-Practice-of-Manual-Scavenging-in-India.pdf
Jan Sahas Social Development Society accessed on 14th January 2019 from https://jansahasindia.org/
Joshi M (2019) “Machines to replace manual scavenging roll out, kin of victims first beneficiaries” accessed on 12th April 2019 from https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/machines-to-replace-manual-scavenging-roll-out-kin-of-victims-first-beneficiaries-5667683/
Kamble R (2002) Untouchability in urban setting: everyday social experience of ex-untouchables. Bombay. In: Shah G (ed) Dalits and the state. Concept Publishing, New Delhi, pp 171–204
Krishnan S (2018) Manhole workers dodge danger down under. Int J Emerg Res Manag Technol (IJERMT) 7(5):25–32
Lalwani V (2018) Scroll.in from https://scroll.in/article/895013/how-do-other-countries-clean-their-sewers-and-is-there-something-india-can-learn-from-them
Manual Scavenging in India the practice, the remedial initiatives, the shortcomings & the challenges a snapshot view accessed on 24th December 2018 from http://www.ssvk.org/pdf_doc_files/Manual_Scavenging_in_India-October%202013.pdf
Manual Scavenging, Social exclusion of past even today play a crucial role in India’s Sanitation Outcome, February 21, 2019, accessed on 2nd March 2019 from https://counterview.org/2019/02/21/manual-scavenging-social-exclusion-of-past-even-today-play-crucial-role-indias-sanitation-outcome/
Meenakshisundaram N (2012) Manual scavenging act and municipal waste water workers in India-policy and practice (Doctoral Dissertation from National Law School of India University, Karnataka)
Mexico – social security protection for domestic employees accessed on 28th September 2019 from https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=9100c852-c6a0-4742-9a38-e95d9ea002a9
Mohan K (2018) Manual Scavenging is outlawed, yet it’s a humiliating reality for millions of Dalits accessed on 15th March 2019 from https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2018/08/why-is-this-practice-of-godliness-confined-to-only-one-particular-community/
Press Information Bureau of India, Government of India (2018) State/UT-wise Number of Identified Manual Scavengers accessed on 24th December 2018 from http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=181235
Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and Their Rehabilitation Act (2013). http://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A2013-25.pdf
Safai Karamchari Andolan accessed on 12th March 2019 from https://safaikarmachariandolan.org/
Shetty N (2018) The Quint from https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/manual-scavenging-women-sanitation-caste-discrimination-swachh-bharat
Sulabh International Social Service Organisation accessed on 23rd January 2019 from https://www.sulabhinternational.org/
The Sanitation Workers Project (2018): Phase 1, Understanding the Problem accessed on 5th April 2019b from http://sanitationworkers.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Phase-1-Understanding-the-Problem-Part-I.pdf
The Sanitation Workers Project (2017). http://sanitationworkers.org/about/
UN in India (2014) Breaking free: rehabilitating manual scavengers accessed on 2nd February from http://in.one.un.org/page/breaking-free-rehabilitating-manual-scavengers/
United Nations Development Project accessed on 2nd March 2019 from https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html
United Nations Digital Library accessed on 3rd March 2019 from https://digitallibrary.un.org/
USAID (2018) accessed on 4th March 2019 from https://www.usaid.gov/india
World Bank and the Lending Groups, The World Bank accessed on 25th March 2019 from https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups
Yojana (2018) accessed on 13th March 2019 from https://chahalacademy.com/current-affair/03-MAR-2018E.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Sreya, S.P., Panneer, S. (2020). Manual Scavengers and Sustainable Development. In: Leal Filho, W., Azul, A., Brandli, L., Lange Salvia, A., Wall, T. (eds) Decent Work and Economic Growth. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_59-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71058-7_59-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71058-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71058-7
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences