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Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules pp 1899–1914Cite as

G Protein Alpha 12 and 13

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:

  • 216 Accesses

Synonyms

Concertina (Drosophila melanogaster homolog); Gα12 and Gα13; G12α and G13α; Gep oncogenes; Gna12 and Gna13; Gpa-12 (Caenorhabditis elegans homolog)

Historical Background

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are composed of three distinct gene products: an α subunit that binds GTP or GDP, plus β and γ subunits. Positioned at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane, this trimer associates with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) harboring seven transmembrane spans. Extracellular GPCR stimulation causes the intracellular G protein α subunit to release GDP. The vacated nucleotide-binding site is filled by GTP from an abundant cytoplasmic pool, causing the α subunit to dissociate from the βγ dimer and drive signaling through a variety of downstream effector proteins. Intrinsic GTPase activity returns the α subunit to a GDP-bound state, a process accelerated by regulators of G protein signaling (RGS proteins), restoring the inactive αβγ heterotrimer....

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Asheville, One University Heights, 28804, Asheville, NC, USA

    Thomas E. Meigs

  2. Group of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Diseases, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic

    Alex Lyakhovich

Authors
  1. Thomas E. Meigs
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  2. Alex Lyakhovich
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Correspondence to Thomas E. Meigs .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea

    Sangdun Choi

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Meigs, T.E., Lyakhovich, A. (2018). G Protein Alpha 12 and 13. In: Choi, S. (eds) Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_586

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