Synonyms
Disclosure of tests and raw data; Release of psychological test materials; Test security
Historical Background
Petitioner employer (Detroit Edison), in response to a request made by a Union (National Labor Relations Board: NLRB) in connection with arbitration of a grievance filed on behalf of employees in a bargaining unit, supplied the Union with certain information pertaining to petitioner’s employee psychological aptitude testing program under which certain unit employees had been rejected for certain job openings because of their failure to receive “acceptable” test scores. However, petitioner refused to release the actual test questions, the actual employee answer sheets, and the scores linked with the names of the employees who received them, maintaining that complete confidentiality of these materials was necessary to insure the future integrity of the tests and to protect the examinees’ privacy interests. Petitioner offered to turn over the scores of any employee who...
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References and Readings
American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology. (2003). Official position of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology on ethical complaints made against clinical neuropsychologists during adversarial proceedings. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 443–445.
American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology. (2007). AACN practice guidelines for neuropsychological assessment and consultation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21, 209–231.
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Bush, S. S., & Martin, T. A. (2006). The ethical and clinical practice of disclosing raw test data: Addressing the ongoing debate. Applied Neuropsychology, 13, 125–136.
Detroit Edison Co. v. NLRB, 440 U.S. 301, (U.S. 1979).
Freides, D. (1993). Proposed standard of professional practice: Neuropsychological reports display all quantitative data. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7, 234–235.
Grote, C. (2005). Ethical practice of forensic neuropsychology. In G. Larrabee (Ed.), Forensic neuropsychology: A scientific approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jaffe v. Redmond, 518 U.S. 1 (1996).
Kaufman, P. M. (2009). Protecting raw data and psychological tests from wrongful disclosure: A primer on the law and other persuasive strategies. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 1130–1159.
National Academy of Neuropsychology. (2000). Test security: Official statement of the National Academy of Neuropsychology. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 15, 383–386.
National Academy of Neuropsychology Policy and Planning Committee (2003). Test security: An update. Official statement of the National Academy of Neuropsychology. See http://www.nanonline.org/NAN/Files/PAIC/PDFs/NANTestSecurityUpdate.pdf
NLRB v. Pfizer, Inc., 763 F.2d 887 (7th Cir., 1985).
NLRB v. U.S. Postal Service, 17 F. 3d 1434 (4th Cir., 1994).
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Heilbronner, R.L. (2018). Detroit Edison v. NLRB (1979). In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_965
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