TOVA
Attention deficit disorder (ADHD) is prevalent in the general population (Polanczyk et al. 2014). Estimates range from approximately 5.29% in children (Polanczyk et al. 2007), 7.1% in adolescents (Willcutt 2012), and 7.1% in adults (Fayyad et al. 2007). The disorder is characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity (APA 2013). Distinguishing between ADHD and other externalizing problems such as Conduct Disorder or Oppositional Defiant Disorder is the primary objective of the clinician. However, there is considerable overlap between these disorders, which highlight the importance of measures that can be reliable to distinguish between them.
Developed by Dr. Laurence Greenberg and colleagues in the 1960s, the Tests of Variables of Attention (TOVA) are objective and standardized, computerized continuous performance tests (CPTs) that are now widely used to inform the diagnosis of ADHD/ADD (Forbes 1998). Specifically, these CPTs consist of the TOVA®, which assess the...
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). Arlington: American Psychiatric Pub.
Fayyad, J., De Graaf, R., Kessler, R., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Demyttenaere, K., …, & Lara, C. (2007). Cross-national prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(5), 402–409.
Forbes, G. B. (1998). Clinical utility of the test of variables of attention (TOVA) in the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54(4), 461–476.
Greenberg, L. (1991). TOVA interpretation manual. Minneapolis: Author.
Greenberg, L. M. (2007). TOVA clinical manual: Test of variables of attention continuous performance test (visual only). Los Alamitos: TOVA Company.
Greenberg, L. M., & Waldmant, I. D. (1993). Developmental normative data on the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA™). Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34(6), 1019–1030.
Polanczyk, G., de Lima, M. S., Horta, B. L., Biederman, J., & Rohde, L. A. (2007). The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: A systematic review and metaregression analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 942–948.
Polanczyk, G. V., Willcutt, E. G., Salum, G. A., Kieling, C., & Rohde, L. A. (2014). ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: An updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(2), 434–442.
Willcutt, E. G. (2012). The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Neurotherapeutics, 9(3), 490–499.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this entry
Cite this entry
O’Shea, D.M., Woods, A.J. (2018). Tests of Variables of Attention. In: Kreutzer, J.S., DeLuca, J., Caplan, B. (eds) Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_9092
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_9092
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-57110-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-57111-9
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences