Introduction
The archaeology in Hokkaido Island has long been recognized as a part of Japanese archaeology, or a northern variation of Japanese history without attention to Hokkaido’s particular history and the perspective of the Ainu. The primary focus of Japanese archaeology and history has been on state formation in the main island and narratives about the past have been constructed according to this framework. In other words, the archaeological narratives that have been produced present a model in which various local cultures are integrated under a homogenous cultural and political hegemony. The goal of those narratives was to support the unification of the nation state.
The greater part of history in Hokkaido Island was positioned outside of Japanese history. Long before Hokkaido and neighboring islands were annexed into Japanese territory, there were historical and cultural sequences of local societies, which gradually became related to the broader territory. Historical...
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Further Readings
Fitzhugh, W., and C. Dubreuil. 1999. The Ainu: Spirit of a northern people. Washington, DC: Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History.
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Kato, H. (2018). Hokkaido Sequence and the Archaeology of the Ainu People. In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_33-2
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