Introduction
Between the ninth and seventh centuries BC, people of Levantine origin began to move to other areas in the Mediterranean, where they would settle permanently. Most of these migrants came from cities and towns on the coastline of central Syria-Palestine, a territory known in some Greek texts as Phoenicia. Far from being a politically unified area, this ancient region was fragmented in a multitude of small and competing polities. The most important were Sidon and Tyre, two polities known internationally for their production of certain luxury manufactures such as dyes and textiles, but especially for their involvement in regional and interregional trade. The inhabitants of all these cities, whom the Greeks called Phoenicians, shared a common language and script, lived in the same geographical environment, performed similar ritual and funeral practices, and shared cosmologies and religious beliefs. Nevertheless, they never recognized themselves as members of a common ethnic or...
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Futher Reading
Celestino, S., and C. López-Ruiz. 2016. Tartessos and the Phoenicians in Iberia. New York: Oxford University Press.
Aubet, M.E. 2001 [1993]. The Phoenicians and the West: Politics, colonies and trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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LÓPEZ-RUIZ, C., and B.R. DOAK, eds. 2019. The Oxford handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Hervás, A.D. (2020). Archaeology of the Phoenician Colonies. In: Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3231-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3231-1