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Membrane Lipid Degradation and Lipid Cycles in Microbes

  • Diana X. Sahonero-Canavesi
  • Isabel M. López-Lara
  • Otto GeigerEmail author
Reference work entry
First Online:
Part of the Handbook of Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology book series (HHLM)

Abstract

All living cells are delimited from the exterior world by a membrane, and membrane-forming lipids are the structural determinants for membrane assembly and maintenance. Although biosynthesis of membrane-forming lipids is well understood in many organisms, turnover, degradation, and remodeling of these lipids are less studied. An initial degradation of glycerol-containing membrane lipids may occur by (phospho)lipases or transferases which remove distinct groups from the membrane lipid converting it into a lysolipid or diacylglycerol. These degradation intermediates can either be totally degraded into low-molecular-weight metabolites or missing groups can be reintroduced onto the intermediates to convert them into fully functional membrane lipids again, thereby completing a lipid cycle. Classic examples in Escherichia coli are the lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine cycle, the diacylglycerol cycle, or cycles involving the isoprenoid undecaprenol. It is evident that many more lipid cycles exist in other proteobacteria and in gram-positive bacteria and that these cycles play major roles in decorating biomolecules located outside the cytoplasmic compartment.

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Notes

Acknowledgement

Research in our lab was supported by grants from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología-México (CONACyT-Mexico) (178359 and 253549 in Investigación Científica Básica as well as 118 in Investigación en Fronteras de la Ciencia) and from Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (DGAPA-UNAM; PAPIIT IN202616, IN203612). We thank Lourdes Martínez-Aguilar for skillful technical assistance.

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© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  • Diana X. Sahonero-Canavesi
    • 1
  • Isabel M. López-Lara
    • 1
  • Otto Geiger
    • 1
    Email author
  1. 1.Centro de Ciencias GenómicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavacaMexico

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