Synonyms
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis; Idiopathic pyloric stenosis; Juvenile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis; Primary pyloric stenosis
Definition
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is a form of gastric outlet obstruction, usually presenting with projectile nonbilious vomiting in infants in the first 3–12 weeks of life. It is caused by an acquired stenosis of the pylorus, not present at birth, but developing in the first weeks of life.
On the contrary, adult pyloric obstruction is usually secondary to local diseases such as peptic ulcers or carcinomas near the pylorus, lymphomas, Crohn’s disease, or adjacent carcinoma of the pancreas. There are few reports of primary adult forms with unknown etiology, which are probably missed infantile cases that had a milder course. In these cases, the treatment of choice has been distal gastrectomy and the diagnosis usually relies on the pathological examination of surgical specimens showing total or segmental hypertrophy of the...
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MacMahon, B. (2006). The continuing enigma of pyloric stenosis of infancy: A review. Epidemiology, 17(2), 195–201.
Panteli, C. (2009). New insights into the pathogenesis of infantile pyloric stenosis. Pediatric Surgery International, 25, 1043–1052.
Ranells, J. D., Carver, J. D., & Kirby, R. S. (2011). Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: epidemiology, genetics, and clinical update. Advances in Pediatrics, 58(1), 195–206.
Semrin, M. G., & Russo, M. A. (2010). Anatomy, histology, embryology, and developmental anomalies of the stomach and duodenum. In M. Feldman, L. S. Friedman, & L. J. Brandt (Eds.), Sleisenger & Fordtran's gastrointestinal and liver disease: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, management (pp. 773–785). Philadelphia: Saunders.
Okazaki, T., et al. (1994). Abnormal distribution of nerve terminals in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 29, 655–658.
Guarino, N., Shima, H., Oue, T., & Puri, P. (2000) Glial-derived growth factor signaling pathway in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 35(6), 835–839.
Gentile, C., Romeo, C., Impellizzeri, P., Turiaco, N., Esposito, M., Di Mauro, D., & Mondello, M. R. (1998). A possible role of the plasmalemmal cytoskeleton, nitric oxide synthase, and innervation in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. A confocal laser scanning microscopic study. Pediatric Surgery International, 14(1–2), 45–50.
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Vilas-Boas, F., Baldaque-Silva, F., Carneiro, F., Macedo, G. (2017). Pyloric Stenosis. In: Carneiro, F., Chaves, P., Ensari, A. (eds) Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1676
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1676
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