Skip to main content
Book cover

Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract pp 665–668Cite as

Typhoid Fever

  • 209 Accesses

Part of the Encyclopedia of Pathology book series (EP)

Synonyms

Enteric fever; Gastric fever; Slow fever

Definition

Typhoid fever is a severe systemic bacterial disease caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. It is characterized by prolonged fever, persistent bacteremia and severe inflammation of the intestines, especially the lymphoid tissue. Salmonella typhihas been a human pathogen for thousands of years thriving in conditions of poor sanitation and crowding. The name is derived from the ancient Greek “typhos” which means “cloud” or “smoke” and refers to the level of consciousness of the patients in the advanced stage of the disease. The classic presentation includes fever, malaise, diffuse abdominal pain, and diarrhea or constipation (in up to 38% of the patients). Untreated disease progresses through different stages. Incubation lasts 5–21 days depending on the health and immune status of the patient and the virulence of the bacteria. The onset is usually insidious with low-grade fever appearing first. During active invasion of...

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1545
  • Chapter length: 4 pages
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
eBook
USD   379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • ISBN: 978-3-319-40560-5
  • Instant PDF download
  • Readable on all devices
  • Own it forever
  • Exclusive offer for individuals only
  • Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout
Hardcover Book
USD   399.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
Learn about institutional subscriptions

References and Further Reading

  • Anita, S., Amir, K. M., Fadzilah, K., Ahamad, J., Noorhaida, U., Marina, K., Paid, M. Y., & Hanif, Z. (2012). Risk factors for typhoid outbreak in Sungai Congkak Recreational park, Selangor 2009. The Medical Journal of Malaysia, 67, 12–16.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geboes, K. (2013). Inflammatory disorders of the small intestine. In N. A. Shepherd, B. F. Warren, G. T. Williams, J. K. Greenson, G. Y. Lauwers, & M. R. Novelli (Eds.), Morson and Dawson’s gastrointestinal pathology (pp. 315–372). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, K. J. (2012). CDC updates recommendations for typhoid vaccination. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 54, 5–6.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, J., & Jain, S. K. (2012). Role of antigens and virulence factors of Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi in its pathogenesis. Microbiological Research, 167, 199–210.

    CAS  CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, M. I., Sajid Bashir Soofi, R., Ochiai, L., Khan, M. J., Sahito, S. M., Habib, M. A., Puri, M. K., von Seidlein, L., Park, J. K., You, Y. A., Ali, M., Nizami, Q., Acosta, C. J., Sack, R. B., Clemens, J. D., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2012). Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and patterns of drug resistance of Salmonella typhi in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 6, 704–714.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sabitha, P., Prabha Adhikari, M. R., Chowdary, A., Prabhu, M., Soofi, M., Shetty, M., Kamath, A., Lokaranjan, S. S., & Bangera, S. S. (2004). Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of two different brands of Salmonella typhi VI capsular polysaccharide vaccine. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 58, 141–149.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. H. (1976). Typhoid fever. In C. H. Binford & D. H. Connor (Eds.), Pathology of tropical and extraordinary diseases (pp. 123–129). Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, N. Goormaghtig Institute, University Gent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Gent, Belgium

    Karel Geboes

  2. Department of Pathology, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 12, 3000, Leuven, Belgium

    Karel Geboes

Authors
  1. Karel Geboes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karel Geboes .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Centro Hospitalar São João and Ipatimup/i3S, Porto, Portugal

    Fátima Carneiro

  2. Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa de Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal

    Paula Chaves

  3. Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal

    Paula Chaves

  4. Department of Pathology, Ankara University Medical School, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey

    Arzu Ensari

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer International Publishing AG

About this entry

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Geboes, K. (2017). Typhoid Fever. In: Carneiro, F., Chaves, P., Ensari, A. (eds) Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Encyclopedia of Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1545

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40560-5_1545

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-40559-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-40560-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine