Synonyms
Definition
An unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance.
Introduction
Prior to the 1960s, criminological inquiry primarily centralized upon offender/criminal characteristics; negating situations, behaviors, and characteristics associated with victimization. While researchers had previously attempted to develop victim typologies with the use of law enforcement data, criminologists were ultimately unsuccessful in their typological endeavors (Mendelsohn 1976). However, in the 1960s the first self-report victimization survey was developed and conducted allowing researches insight into what is now known as the dark figure of crime (Reiss 1967). After examining and refining methodological problems associated with the original survey, the first national level annual offender/victim analysis was implemented (National Crime Survey 1973; Barnes, Seepersad, Wilkis, & Wortley, 2016).
Since the development and implementation of...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
References
Barnes, A., Seepersad, R., Wilkis, J., & Wortley, S. (2016). The national crime victimization survey final report. Retrieved from https://www.mns.gov.jm/sites/default/files/Documents/NCVS%202016%20Final%20Report%20April%2020%20final%20submitted.pdf
Baumer, E. P., & Lauritsen, J. L. (2010). Reporting crime to the police, 1973–2005: A multivariate analysis of long-term trends in the national crime survey (NCS) and national crime victimization survey (NCVS). EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page, Feb. 2010. web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3
Cohen, L. E. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activities approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 588–607.
Cohen, L., & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588–608. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2094589.
Cohen, L. E., & Felson, M. (1980) Property crime in the United States: A macrodynamic analysis, 1947–1977; with ex ante forecasts for the mid-1980’s. American Journal of Sociology, 86, 90–118.
Cohen, L., Kluegel, J., & Land, K. (1981). Social inequality and predatory criminal victimization: An exposition and test of a formal theory. American Sociological Review, 46(5), 505–524. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2094935.
Garofalo, J. (1987). Reassessing the lifestyle model of criminal victimization. In Positive criminology (pp. 23–42). Newbury Park: Sage.
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Hindelang, M. J. (1976). Criminal victimization in eight American cities: A descriptive analysis of common theft and assault. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
Hindelang, M., Gottfredson, M., & Garofalo, J. (Eds.) (1978). Toward a theory of personal criminal victimization. In Victims of personal crime: An empirical foundation for a theory of personal victimization (pp. 241–274). Cambridge: Ballinger.
Jensen, G. F., & Brownfield, D. (1986). Gender, lifestyles, and victimization: Beyond routine activity theory. Violence and Victims, 1, 85–99.
Lauritsen, J. L., & Laub, J. H. (2007). Understanding the link between victimization and offending: New reflections on an old idea. Crime Prevention Studies, 22, 55–75.
Lauritsen, J. L., Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1991). The link between offending and victimization among adolescents. Criminology, 29, 265–291.
Mendelsohn, R. (1976). Victimology and contemporary society’s trends. Victimology, An International Journal, 1, 8–28.
Pratt, T. C., & Cullen, F. (2000). The empirical status of Gottfredson and Hirschi’s general theory of crime: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 38, 931–964.
Reiss, P. J. (1967). Perspectives on american society, value systems, and the catholic schools. The National Catholic Guidance Conference Journal, 11(2), 77–148. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-5183.1967.tb00225.x.
Schreck, C. J. (1999). Criminal victimization and low self-control: An extension and test of a general theory of crime. Justice Quarterly, 16, 633–654.
Schreck, C. J., Steward, E. A., & Osgood, D. W. (2008). A reappraisal of the overlap of violent offenders and victims. Criminology, 46, 871–906.
Smith, D. J., & Ecob, R. (2007). An investigation into causal links between victimization and offending in adolescents. British Journal of Sociology, 58, 633–659.
Stewart, E. A., Schreck, C. J., & Brunson, R. K. (2008). Lessons of the street code: Policy implications for reducing violent victimization among disadvantaged citizens. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 24(2), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986208315473
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Section Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Mims, B. (2019). Victims Mostly Men. In: Shackelford, T., Weekes-Shackelford, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1686-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_1686-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-16999-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-16999-6
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences