Glossary Terms
- Cytochrome P450 (CYP):
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Family of hemeprotein monooxygenase enzymes that plays a central role in the oxidative metabolism of structurally diverse lipophilic steroids, fatty acids, drugs, and environmental chemicals. P450-catalyzed biotransformation of drugs is primarily carried out by 10–15 distinct human P450 enzymes, each encoded by a separate P450 gene.
- Lithocholic acid:
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3α-hydroxy-5β-cholanoic acid, a hepatotoxic and cholestatic secondary bile acid which is formed by bacterial dehydroxylation of primary bile acids in the intestine.
- Orphan nuclear receptor:
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Receptor protein belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily whose physiological ligand has not been identified.
- P450 induction:
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The process whereby cellular and tissue levels of one or more cytochrome P450 enzymes are increased in response to treatment of cells, or a whole organism, with certain drugs or environmental chemicals referred to as P450 inducers. P450 induction leads to an increase in the cell’s...
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Acknowledgments
Supported in part by NIH grant ES024421 (D.J.W.) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grants Program, RGPIN-2019-05254 (T.K.H.C.).
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Waxman, D.J., Chang, T.K.H. (2020). Nuclear Receptor Regulation of Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. In: Offermanns, S., Rosenthal, W. (eds) Encyclopedia of Molecular Pharmacology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21573-6_234-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21573-6_234-1
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