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Usability

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  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Database Systems
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Synonyms

User centered design

Definition

A product is usable if the intended users can achieve their goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use [8]. Usability is achieved by taking a user-centered approach to design, and thus ensuring that the product incorporates characteristics that support usability.

Historical Background

Usability was adopted as a technical term to replace the phrase “user friendly,” which by the early 1980s had acquired undesirably vague and subjective connotations. It is a goal for product design in the scientific fields of HCI, human factors and ergonomics. In 1985 Gould and Lewis [5] described the central principles of what became known as user-centered design [15]: (i) early focus on users and tasks., (ii) empirical measurement, (iii) iterative design.

Usability has since grown into an established discipline with the Usability Professionals Association founded in 1991, and the landmark book by Nielsen on Usability...

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Recommended Reading

  1. Bevan N. Quality in use: meeting user needs for quality. J Syst Softw. 1999;49(1):89–96.

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  2. Bevan N. Cost benefits framework and case studies. In: Bias RG, Mayhew DJ, editors. Cost-justifying usability: an update for the internet age. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann; 2005.

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  3. Blandford A, Buchanan G. Usability of digital libraries: a source of creative tensions with technical developments. IEEE-TCDL, Bulletin. 2003.

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  4. Dumas JS, Redish JC. A practical guide to usability testing. Norwood: Ablex Publishing Corporation; 1993.

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  5. Gould JD, Lewis C. Designing for usability: key principles and what designers think. Commun ACM. 1985;28(3):300–11.

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  6. IBM. Cost justifying ease of use, 2000. Available at: www-03.ibm.com/easy/page/23

  7. ISO 13407. User centred design process for interactive systems. ISO; 1998.

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  8. ISO 9241. Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDT)s (Pts 10–17). ISO, 1997–99.

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  9. ISO TR 18529. Human-centred lifecycle process descriptions. ISO, 2000.

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  10. ISO/IEC 9126. Software product evaluation – Quality characteristics and guidelines for their use. ISO, 1991.

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  11. ISO/IEC CD 25010. Software engineering – Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) – Quality model. ISO, 2008.

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  12. ISO/IEC FCD 25012. Software engineering – software product quality requirements and evaluation (SQuaRE) – Data quality model. ISO, 2008.

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  13. Nielsen J. Usability engineering. San Diego: Academic; 1993.

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  14. NIST. Industry usability reporting, 2007. Available at: www.nist.gov/iusr

  15. Norman DA, Draper SW. User centered system design new perspectives on human-computer interaction. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1986.

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  16. O’Hara J., Stubler W., Higgins J., and Brown W. Integrated system validation: methodology and review criteria (NUREG/CR-6393), 1995. Available at: www.bnl.gov/humanfactors/Publications.asp

  17. Snyder C. Paper prototyping the fast and easy Way to define and refine user interfaces. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann; 2003.

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  18. U.S. Department of Health and Human Sciences. Research-based web design & usability guidelines, 2006. Available at: www.usability.gov/guidelines

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Correspondence to Nigel Bevan .

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Bevan, N. (2018). Usability. In: Liu, L., Özsu, M.T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Database Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8265-9_441

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