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Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids

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Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology

Abstract:

Choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids are amphipathic molecules that are asymmetrically distributed in the bilayer. They provide the neural membranes with a suitable environment, fluidity, and ion permeability. The degree of saturation and the length of glycerophospholipid-acyl chains are important determinants of neural membrane properties. Choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids are synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum and are transported to other membranous structures by phospholipid exchange and transfer proteins. Glycerophospholipids undergo base-exchange, methylation, and decarboxylation reactions for interconversion. These reactions and activities of phospholipases A2, C, and D are involved in the turnover, compositional maintenance, and rearrangements of glycerophospholipids in membranes. Glycerophospholipids are a storage depot for precursors for second messengers, and may be involved in membrane fusion, apoptosis, and regulation of the activities of membrane-bound enzymes and ion-channels.

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Abbreviations

AA:

arachidonic acid

cAMP:

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

CDP:

cytidinediphospho

CTP:

cytidine triphosphate

DAG:

1,2-sn-diacylglycerols

DHA:

docosahexaenoic acid

ER:

endoplasmic reticulum

FFA:

free fatty acids

NFκB:

nuclear transcription factor κD

NPDR:

neuroprotectin D receptor

PAF:

platelet-activating factor

PKC:

protein kinase C

PtdCho:

phosphatidylcholine

PtdEtn:

phosphatidylethanolamine

PtdH:

phosphatidic acid

PLA:

phospholipase A

PLC:

phospholipase C

PLD:

phospholipase D

RER1:

resolvin E receptor

ResoDR1:

resolvin D receptor

ResoER1:

resolvin E receptor

TNF-α:

tumor necrosis factor-α

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Authors
  1. A. A. Farooqui
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  2. L. A. Horrocks
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  3. T. Farooqui
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, 10962, Orangeburg, New York, USA

    Abel Lajtha (Director) (Director)

  2. Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Via Saldini 50, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Guido Tettamanti

  3. Department of Internal Medicine Section of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122, Perugia, Italy

    Gianfrancesco Goracci

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Farooqui, A.A., Horrocks, L.A., Farooqui, T. (2009). Choline and Ethanolamine Glycerophospholipids. In: Lajtha, A., Tettamanti, G., Goracci, G. (eds) Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30378-9_2

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