Maintenance is the support of successful system operation during long periods of usage by means of: (1) regular or sample check-ups; (2) planned or preventive replacement of the system's units; (3) failure diagnosis; and/or (4) spare units supply. Operations research models for a system maintenance analysis are represented mainly by optimization models for the improvement of system and equipment reliability.

For (1) and (2), one usually uses methods of controlled stochastic processes. For (3), one uses special methods based on mathematical logic, while (4) is considered in the scope of optimal redundancy and inventory control.

 Airline industry operations research;  Inventory modeling.