Macrosystem of Hydrosphere Tourism Resources

This is a landscape resource system with tourism value composed of water bodies. The hydrosphere is a collective term for all water bodies. During the formation and evolution of the Earth, the hydrosphere, which includes the oceans, rivers, lakes, swamps, glaciers and groundwater, formed between the atmosphere and the lithosphere. The hydrosphere has a mass of 145 × 10¹⁶ metric tons. Oceans cover 72.8% of the Earth’s surface and contain 97.1% of the total water volume of the hydrosphere, whereas the land contains less than 3% of the water, and the air contains 0.001%. The water volume of the ocean is 33 times that of the land, and the total mass is 134.99 × 10¹⁶metric tons. Glaciers and the polar ice caps represent 77% of the water mass on land, and the remainder is in rivers, lakes and groundwater. The hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and the upper layer of the lithosphere are interconnected. Therefore, due to the effects of solar radiation, lunar gravity and other physical and...