Abstract
Workplace bullying is a complex global phenomenon, as are the effects of media. This chapter provides the reader with an introduction to media depictions of workplace bullying by asking one simple question: How is workplace bullying represented in media? The chapter takes a closer look at media depictions of workplace bullying in the news, social media, television and movies. We hold media literally in the palm of our hands, and it has the power to both shape perceptions about bullying and provide a platform through which bullying can occur. Media research suggests that what we see can be confused with what we know and, moreover, what we do. It supports the notion that media representations have influence and have the capacity for harm or for education. While the indicators are strong, the proof is still disputed. This chapter raises attention to the abundance of portrayals of workplace bullying in our midst and the conceivable propensity for impact on lived experiences. It highlights the possibility for study of all formats of media and the opportunity for isolating and examining depictions of bullies or targets or bystanders in media and then in turn considering linkages with lived experiences. This chapter provides a synthesis of current literature and examples of depictions and further establishes evidence and justification for the exploration and study of media depictions of workplace bullying. The reader should be prepared to experience a change, perhaps an urging to delve deeper and more urgently into the predilection for media and the doggedness of workplace bullying.
References
Akella, D. (2016). Workplace bullying: Not a manager’s, right? Sage Open, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244016629394. http://sgo.sagepub.com
Alexander, S., & Huang, G. (1994). Swimming with Sharks. Trimark.
Allen, E. (2014). You can’t say that on Facebook: The NLRA’s opprobriousness standard and social media. Washington University Open Scholarship. Washington University Journal of Law & Policy, 195. http://openscholarshp.wustl.edu/law_journal_law_policy/vol45/iss1/12
Apatow, J. (2005). The 40-Year-Old Virgin. Universal.
Bandura, A. (1999). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 2(1), 21–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-839X.00024.
Bandura, A. (2009). Social cognitive theory of mass communications. In J. Bryant & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 94–124). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Barber, G., & Bekmambetov, T. (2008). Wanted. Universal.
Bardon, A. (2005). The philosophy of humor. In M. Charney (Ed.), A geographic and historical guide. Westport: Greenwood Press.
Baudrillard, J., & Maclean, M. (1985). The masses: The implosion of the social in the media. New Literary History, 16(3), 577–589. On writing histories of literature (Spring, 1985). The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Behm-Morawitz, E., Lewallen, J., & Miller, B. (2016). Real mean girls? Reality television viewing, social aggression, and gender-related beliefs among female emerging adults. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5(4), 340–355. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000074. American Psychological Association.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. New York: First Anchor Books.
Bier, J. (2013, October 22). HHS: Workplace bullying is like domestic violence. The Weekly Standard. http://www.weeklystandard.com/hhs-workplace-bullying-is-like-domestic-violence/article/764508
Brown, K. V. (2013, November 2). Workplace bullying more common than most think. SF Gate. http://www.sfgate.com
Burton, J. P., & Hoobler, J. M. (2006). Subordinate self-esteem and abusive supervision. Journal of Managerial Issues, 18(3), 340–356. http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/40604544?uid=3739600&uid=2&uid=4&uid=3739256&sid=21103922562151
Busching, R., Allen, J., & Anderson, C. (2016). Violent media content and effects. In Oxford research encyclopedia of communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.1. http://communication.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-1
Conlan, C. (2016, September 12). Reduce stress for nurses with a healthy workplace culture. Monster Worldwide, Beatrice Daily Sun, Jobs, NE. http://www.newsbank.com/
Couldry, N. (2012). Media, society, world: Social theory and digital media practice. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Cowley, S., & Kingson, J. A. (2017, April 10). Wells Fargo to claw back $75 million from 2 former executives. New York Times. https://nyti.ms/2oimaRp
Culturesafenz.co.nz/
Custin, R. E., Britton, K., & Yarak, S. (2014). A tweet on social media for your business (January 2, 2014). California Business Practice, April 2014, Issue 3. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2374247 or https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2374247
Dixon, & Foster. (2011). 21st-century Hollywood: Movies in the era of transformation. Rutgers University Press. ProQuest Ebook Central. https://dbproxy.lasalle.edu:5967/lib/lasalle-ebooks/detail.action?docID=861447
Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D., & Cooper, C. L. (2011). Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis Group.
Facebook.com
Farrow, G. (2017, January 31). Law needed to stop workplace bullies. Hamilton News. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/hamilton-news/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503366&objectid=11791895
Fearing, F. (1947). Influence of the movies on attitudes and behavior. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 254(1), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271624725400112.
Garbin, A. D., & Fisher, F. M. (2012). Representations of workplace psychological harassment in print news media. Revista de Saude Publica, 46(3). www.scielo.br/rsp
Georgo, M. (2016). A qualitative media analysis of the depiction of workplace bullying in Hollywood films. A dissertation presented to the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences of Nova Southeastern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Nova Southeastern University. https://search.proquest.com/openview/5cc0e468250970ac1ff2087a1486f07f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
Giles, D. (2003). Media psychology. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Google.com
Granados, N. (2016, October 3). What is media in the digital age? Media & Entertainment, Forbes.com. https://www.forbes.com/sites/nelsongranados/2016/10/03/what-is-media-in-the-digital-age/#67c89d6651ea
Helfgott, J. B. (2008). The influence of technology, media, and popular culture on criminal behavior: Copycat crime and cybercrime. In J. B. Helfgott (Author), Criminal behavior theories, typologies and criminal justice (1st ed., pp. 367–415). Thousand Oaks: Sage
Infoweb.newsbank.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/resources/?p=AWN
Judd, K., & Easteal, P. (2013). Media reportage of sexual harassment: The (in)credible complainant. The Deming Law Journal, 25, 1–17. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250002641_Media_Reportage_of_Sexual_Harassment_The_InCredible_Complainant
Katz, G. (2017, April 10). Barclays CEO investigated for trying to unmask whistleblower. U.S. News & World Report, News, Business News. https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2017-04-10/barclays-ceo-probed-over-attempt-to-unmask-whistleblower
Keashley, L. (2010). Some things you need to know but may have been afraid to ask: A researcher speaks to ombudsmen. Journal of the International Ombudsman Association about Workplace Bullying, 3(2). https://www.sc.edu/ombuds/doc/Keashly_2011.pdf
Kellner, D. (2004). The media and social problems. In G. Ritzer (Ed.), Handbook of social problems: A comparative perspective (pp. 209–226). Thousand Oaks: Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412973526.n13.
Kumari, A., & Joshi, H. (2015). Gender stereotyped portrayal of women in the media: Perception and impact on adolescent. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20(4), Ver. II, 44–52. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-20424452. www.iosrjournals.org
Lampman, C., Rolfe-Maloney, B., John, E., Mandy, D., Nick, Y., McDermott, S., Winters, J., & Davis, R. L. (2002). Messages about sex in the workplace: A content analysis of primetime television. Sexuality and Culture, 6(4), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02719213.
LinkedIn.com
Malkin, C. (2012, June 27). Suicide and workplace bullying: A father, a daughter, and thirty years. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/suicide-and-workplace-bullying-a-father-a-daughter-and-thirty-years-7694
McLuhan, M., & Lapham, L. H. (1964/1994). Understanding media: The extensions of man (Reprint edition, October 20, 1994). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Middlemiss, N. (2016, November 2). Workplace bullying prompts $30K pay out. HRM New Zealand. http://www.hrmonline.co.nz/news
Milchan, A. (2001). Joe Somebody. Fox.
Mitchell Front Page. (2015). Horrible bosses – Is your manager making your life hell? Mitchell in Industry, Law Podcast. January 7, 2015. http://mitchellsfrontpage.com/horrible-bosses-is-your-manager-making-your-life-hell/
Monaci, S. (2017). Explaining the Islamic state’s online media strategy: A transmedia approach. International Journal of Communication, 11, 2842–2860. http://ijoc.org
Neuman, W. R., & Guggenheim, L. (2011). The evolution of media effects theory: A six-stage model of cumulative research. Communication Theory, 21, 169–196. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2011.01381.x. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2011.01381.x/abstract
newsbank.com
newsday.co.zw
newworkplace.wordpress.com
Olsen, M. (2013, February 15). A world of difference in reactions over foreign, U.S. film violence. Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/15/entertainment/la-et-mn-violence-in-world-cinema-20130217
Osborne, N. (2016). An exploratory study on how workplace bullying is conceptualized in the Australian media. Dissertation submitted to Auckland University of Technology, Faculty of Business & Law, January 27, 2016. http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/9806/OsborneN.pdf?sequence=3
Park, K. (2014, November 3). When women bully women at work. New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/katrin-park-women-bully-women-work-article-1.1994847
Petersen, C. (2013, January). The crowd mind: The archival legacy of the Payne fund studies movies and conduct (1933). Mediascape. http://www.tft.ucla.edu/mediascape/pdfs/Winter2013/CrowdMind.pdf
Planalp, S., Metts, S., & Tracy, S. J. (2010). The social matrix of emotion expression and regulation. In The handbook of communication science (pp. 363–380). Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412982818.n21.
Ratner, B., & Gordon, S. (2011). Horrible Bosses. Warner Brothers (New Line).
Rosenfelt, K., & Frankel, D. (2006). The Devil Wears Prada. Fox.
Ross, R. (2017, September 30). Workplace bullying and stress led to death of employee: Compensation board. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.pe.ca/news/local/workplace-bullying-and-stress-led-to-death-of-employee-compensation-board-104004/
Safetyatworkblog.com
Sandstrom, G. (2012). Laws of media – The four effects: A McLuhan contribution to social epistemology. Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, 1(12), 1–6. http://wp.me/p1Bfg0-uc
Serisier, T. (2017). Sex crimes and the media. In Oxford research encyclopedia of criminology. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.118. http://criminology.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264079-e-118?print
Shearman, S. (2017). Cyberbullying in the workplace: ‘I became paranoid’. The Guardian, Guardian Careers. https://www.theguardian.com
Sink, A., & Mastro, D. (2016). Depictions of gender on primetime television: A quantitative content analysis. Mass Communication and Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2016.1212243.
Stafford, D. (2014, November 4). Workplace bullying: A scourge that’s hard to define, harder to root out. The Kansas City Star, Business. http://www.kansascity.com/news/business/article3548491.html
Storey, J. (2015). Cultural theory and popular culture: An introduction (7th ed.). New York: Routledge.
Sumner, E. M., Scarduzio, J. A., & Daggett, J. R. (2016). Drama at Dunder Mifflin: Workplace bullying discourses on the office. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516681158. jiv.sagepub.com
Sutherland, J. A., & Feltey, K. (2013). Cinematic sociology: Social life in film (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Taylor, L. D., Alexopoulos, C., & Ghaznavi, J. (2016). Touchy subjects: Sex in the workplace on broadcast, cable, and Internet television. Sex Roles, 75, 476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0642-x.
Tozer, J. (2015, September 24). Unfriending a colleague on Facebook can now be workplace bullying: Fair Work Commission rules social media snub was ‘unreasonable and emotionally immature’. Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3248293/How-unfriending-Facebook-workplace-bullying-Fair-Work-Commission-rules-social-media-snub-unreasonable-emotionally-immature.html#ixzz4qFTOSCtn
Tracy, S. J., Lutgen-Sandvik, P., & Alberts, J. K. (2006). Nightmares, demons, and slaves: Exploring the painful metaphors of workplace bullying. Management Communication Quarterly, 20(2), 148–185. http://mcq.sagepub.com/content/20/2/148.abstract
Tribune Wire Reports. (2015, January 26). Cops: Ex-Fox producer kills himself outside NYC headquarters. Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-ex-fox-producer-suicide-20150126-story.html
Turner, G. (2006). Film as social practice (4th ed.). New York: Routledge.
Twitter.com
Uliano, D. (2017, February 15). Review of Fairfax Co. fire and rescue finds workplace bullying. Washington Top News. https://wtop.com/fairfax-county/2017/02/fairfax-co-fire-rescue-review-found-workplace-bullying-harrassment/
van Laer, T. (2014). The means to justify the end: Combating cyber harassment in social media. Journal of Business Ethics, 123(1), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1806-z. http://opendaccess.city.ac.ul/6756/
Victor, D. (2015, August 26). Jonathan Martin, former N.F.L. player, says he attempted suicide. The New York Times. https://nyti.ms/1VbfH2X
Waters, S. (2017). Suicide voices: Testimonies of trauma in the French workplace. Medical Humanities, 43(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2016-011013. http://mh.bmj.com/content/43/1/24
West, B., Foster, M., Levin, A., Edmison, J., & Robibero, D. (2014). Cyberbullying at work: In search of effective guidance. Laws, 3, 598–617. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws3030598. www.mdpi.com/journal/laws/
Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012). A review of Facebook research in the social sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(3), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612442904. First Published 16 May 2012.
Workplacebullying.org
Worldatlas.com/articles/film-industries-around-the-world-with-hollywood-inspired-nicknames.html
Yermash, A. (2014). Now that workplace bullying was front page news, will a workplace harassment policy sufficiently protect the company? Ronkonkoma: Campolo, Middleton & McCormick, LLP. https://cmmllp.com/july-2014-now-workplace-bullying-front-page-news-will-workplace-harassment-policy-sufficiently-protect-company/
YouTube.com
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this entry
Cite this entry
Georgo, M. (2019). Media Portrayals of Workplace Bullying. In: D'Cruz, P., Noronha, E., Keashly, L., Tye-Williams, S. (eds) Special topics and particular occupations, professions and sectors. Handbooks of Workplace Bullying, Emotional Abuse and Harassment, vol 4. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5154-8_17-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5154-8_17-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-5154-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-5154-8
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Behavioral Science and PsychologyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences