Introduction
Over the past 50 years, animal agriculture in the United States (USA) has transformed from an extensive model characterized by many small family farms to an intensive, industrialized model. This industrial model – sometimes called “Industrial Farm Animal Production” (IFAP) or more colloquially “factory farming” – is characterized by frequent corporate ownership, economic consolidation, and vertical integration; the extreme confinement of large numbers of animals; the use of “technological sanders” such as growth-promoting antibiotics; the use and long-distance transport of remotely grown concentrated feedstuffs, instead of forage or pasture-based feeding; and tight control over the breeding, feeding, and living conditions of animals so as to achieve the greatest production at the lowest cost and in the shortest amount of time (Singer 2002; Singer...
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Garner, S., Rossi, J. (2019). Industrial Food Animal Production Ethics. In: Kaplan, D.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1179-9_200
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