Skip to main content

Impact on Reinforced Concrete Structures

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics

Synonyms

Reinforced concrete structures subjected to impact loads

Definitions

Impact on reinforced concrete (RC) structures is concerned about the effects, including the response characteristics and damage modes, of a RC structure when subjected to impact loads.

Synopsis

This entry covers impact effect on reinforced concrete structures. It begins with an overview of the types of impact actions concerned and the characteristic response and damage patterns of reinforced concrete structures. A brief discussion on the hard and soft impact and the corresponding impact loads follows. As generally understood, the response of reinforced concrete structures subjected to impact involves broadly three levels of dynamic processes, namely, (i) concentrated local effect such as penetration and perforation; (ii) extended local effect due to punching shear and shear plugging, which may be regarded as an intermediate phase between the local and global structural effects; and (iii) the overall...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • ABAQUS (2011) ABAQUS 6.11 analysis user’s manual, Dassault Systèmes, Providence

    Google Scholar 

  • ACE (1946) Fundamentals of protective structures. Report AT120 AT1207821, Army Corps of Engineers, Office of the Chief of Engineers

    Google Scholar 

  • Amirikian A (1950) Design of protective structures. Report NT-3726, Bureau of Yards and Docks, Department of the Navy

    Google Scholar 

  • Autodyn (2013) ANSYS Autodyn user’s manual, release 15.0

    Google Scholar 

  • Barr P (1990) Guidelines for the design and assessment of concrete structures subjected to impact. Report, UK Atomic Energy Authority, Safety and Reliability Directorate, HMSO, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Bischoff PH, Perry SH (1991) Compression behaviour of concrete at high strain-rates. Mater Struct 24:425–450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BNFL (2003) Appendix H. Reinforced concrete slab local damage assessment. R3 impact assessment procedure, vol 3. Magnox Electric Plc & Nuclear Electric Limited

    Google Scholar 

  • CEB (1988) Concrete structures under impact and impulsive loading, Comité Euro-International du Béton, Bulletin d’Information, No. 187, 1988, Lausanne

    Google Scholar 

  • CEB (1993) CEB-FIP model code 1990. Committee Euro-International Du Beton, Redwood Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Cowper GR and Symonds PS (1957) Strain hardening and strain rate effects in the impact loading of cantilever beams, Brown University, Div. of Appl. Mathematics, Report No. 28, Brown University, Providence, RI

    Google Scholar 

  • Dancygier AN (1998) Rear face damage of normal and high-strength concrete elements caused by hard projectile impact. ACI Struct J 95:291–304

    Google Scholar 

  • DOE (2006) DOE Standard (Department of Energy, Washington), DOE-STD-3014-2006, Accident analysis for aircraft crash into hazardous facilities, October 1996, Reaffirmed, May 2006

    Google Scholar 

  • Donze FV, Magnier S-A, Daudeville L, Mariotti C, Davenne L (1999) Numerical study of compressive behaviour of concrete at high strain rates. J Eng Mech-ASCE 125:1154–1163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahrenthold EP, Horban BA (1999) A hybrid particle-finite element method for hypervelocity impact simulation. Int J Impact Eng 23:237–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fahrenthold EP, Horban BA (2001) An improved hybrid particle-element method for hypervelocity impact simulation. Int J Impact Eng 26:169–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forrestal MJ, Luk V (1988) Dynamic spherical cavity-expansion in a compressible elastic–plastic solid. ASME J Appl Mech 55:275–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forrestal MJ, Tzou DY (1997) A spherical cavity-expansion penetration model for concrete targets. Int J Solids Struct 34(31–32):4127–4146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forrestal MJ, Altman BS, Cargile JD, Hanchak SJ (1994) An empirical equation for penetration depth of ogive-nose projectiles into concrete targets. Int J Impact Eng 15(4):395–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haldar A, Hamieh H (1984) Local effect of solid missiles on concrete structures. ASCE J Struct Div 10(5):948–960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmquist T, Johnson RG (1991) Determination of constants and comparison of results for various constitutive models. J Phys IV Colloq 01(C3):C3.853–C3.860

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson RG, Cook WH (1983) A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures. In: International symposium ballistics, the Hague, Netherlands, 7, pp 541–547

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson GR, Holmquist TJ (1994) An improved computational constitutive model for brittle materials. In: High-pressure science and technology 1993, AIP conference proceedings, vol 309, pp 981–984

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson GR, Stryk RA (2003) Conversion of 3D distorted elements into meshless particles during dynamic deformation. Int J Impact Eng 28:947–966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson GR, Beissel SR, Gerlach CA (2015) A 3D combined particle-element method for intense impulsive loading computations involving severe distortions. Int J Impact Eng 84:171–180

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones N (1989) Structural impact. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Kar AK (1978) Local effects of tornado generated missiles. ASCE J Struct Div 104(ST5):809–816

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy RP (1966) Effects of an aircraft crash into a concrete reactor containment building. Holmes & Narver Inc, Anaheim

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy RP (1976) A review of procedures for the analysis and design of concrete structures to resist missile impact effects. Nucl Eng Des 37:183–203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li QM, Meng H (2003) About the Dynamic strength enhancement of concrete like materials in a split Hopkinson pressure bar test. Int J Solids Struct 40:343–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li QM, Reid SR, Wen HM, Telford AR (2005) Local impact effects of hard missiles on concrete targets. Int J Impact Eng 32(1-4):224–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LS-DYNA (2012) Keyword user’s manual. Livermore Software Technology Corporation, Livermore

    Google Scholar 

  • Luk VK, Forrestal MJ, Amos DE (1991) Dynamics spherical cavity expansion of strain-hardening materials. ASME J Appl Mech 58(1):1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malvar LJ, Crawford JE (1997) A plasticity concrete material model for DYNA3D. Int J Impact Eng 19(97):847–873

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malvar LJ, Crawford JE (1998) Dynamic increase factors for concrete, twenty-eighth DDESB seminar, Orlando

    Google Scholar 

  • Malvar LJ, Crawford JE, Morrill KB (2000) K&C concrete material model release III - Automated generation of material model input. K&C Technical Report TR-99-24-B1, Glendale, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray YD (2007) Users manual for LS-DYNA concrete material model 159. Publication No. FHWA-HRT-05-062, Federal Highway Administration, McLean

    Google Scholar 

  • NDRC (1946) Effects of impact and explosion. Summary technical report of division 2, vol 1. National Defence Research Committee, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Rabczuk T, Eibl J (2006) Modelling dynamic failure of concrete with meshfree methods. Int J Impact Eng 32(11):1878–1897

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riedel W, Thoma K, Hiermaier S (1999) Penetration of reinforced concrete by BETA-B-500 numerical analysis using a new macroscopic concrete model for hydrocodes. In: Proceedings of 9th international symposium on interaction of the effect of munitions with structures. Berlin-Strausberg, 03–07 May 1999, pp 315–322

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg Z, Dekel E (2009) Analytical solution of the spherical cavity expansion process. Int J Impact Eng 36:193–198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shiu W, Donzé FV, Daudeville L (2009) Discrete element modelling of missile impacts on a reinforced concrete target. Int J Comput Appl Technol 34(1):33–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sliter GE (1980) Assessment of empirical concrete impact formulas. ASCE J Struct Div 106(ST5):1023–1045

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith J, Cusatis G (2017) Numerical analysis of projectile penetration and perforation of plain and fiber reinforced concrete slabs. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech 41:315–337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Song Z, Lu Y (2012) Mesoscopic analysis of concrete under excessively high strain rate compression and implications on interpretation of test data. Int J Impact Eng 46:41–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tu Z, Lu Y (2009) Evaluation of typical concrete material models used in hydrocodes for high dynamic response simulations. Int J Impact Eng 36:132–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tu Z, Lu Y (2010) Modifications of RHT material model for improved numerical simulation of dynamic response of concrete. Int J Impact Eng 37(10):1072–1082

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yankelevsky DZ (1997) Local response of concrete slabs to low velocity missile impact. Int J Impact Eng 19(4):331–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yong Lu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Lu, Y. (2019). Impact on Reinforced Concrete Structures. In: Altenbach, H., Öchsner, A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Continuum Mechanics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53605-6_227-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53605-6_227-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-53605-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-53605-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EngineeringReference Module Computer Science and Engineering

Publish with us

Policies and ethics