Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimente in der Sportökonomik

  • Living reference work entry
  • Latest version View entry history
  • First Online:
Sport in Kultur und Gesellschaft

  • 487 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Kernproblem empirischer Forschung ist die Bestimmung von Kausalitäten aus Korrelationen. Experimente können das Problem lösen. Der folgende Beitrag stellt Labor-, Online-, Feld- und Quasi-Experimente vor und nennt jeweils bedeutende Beispiele aus der Sportökonomik. Aufgrund der hervorragenden Datenlage sind sportökonomische Quasi-Experimente über den Sport hinaus interessant für unterschiedlichste Fragestellungen aus der Wirtschaftspolitik, insbesondere der Wettbewerbspolitik, ferner für Verhaltensökonomik, Recht, Psychologie, Marketing, Management und Personalökonomik.

Dieser Beitrag ist Teil der Sektion Sportökonomik, herausgegeben von den Teilherausgebern Eike Emrich und Christian Pierdzioch, innerhalb des Handbuchs Sport und Sportwissenschaft, herausgegeben von Arne Güllich und Michael Krüger.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  • Adler, M. (1985). Stardom and talent. The American Economic Review, 75(1), 208–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apesteguia, J., & Palacios-Huerta, I. (2010). Psychological pressure in competitive environments: Evidence from a randomized natural experiment. The American Economic Review, 100(5), 2548–2564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ariely, D., Gneezy, U., Loewenstein, G., & Mazar, N. (2009). Large stakes and big mistakes. The Review of Economic Studies, 76(2), 451–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avugos, S., Köppen, J., Czienskowski, U., Raab, M., & Bar-Eli, M. (2013). The „hot hand“ reconsidered: A meta-analytic approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 14(1), 21–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balafoutas, L., Lindner, F., & Sutter, M. (2012). Sabotage in tournaments: Evidence from a natural experiment. Kyklos, 65(4), 425–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bar-Eli, M., Avugos, S., & Raab, M. (2006). Twenty years of „hot hand“ research: Review and critique. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 7(6), 525–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F. (1984). Choking under pressure: Self-consciousness and paradoxical effects of incentives on skillful performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(3), 610–620.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R. F., & Steinhilber, A. (1984). Paradoxical effects of supportive audiences on performance under pressure: The home field disadvantage in sports championships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47(1), 85–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, J., & Pope, D. (2011). Can losing lead to winning? Management Science, 57(5), 817–827.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berri, D. J. (2008). A simple model of worker productivity in the National Basketball Association. In B. D. Humphreys & D. R. Howard (Hrsg.), The business of sports: Volume 3: Bridging research and practice (S. 1–40). London: Praeger Perspectives.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berri, D. J., & Jewell, R. T. (2004). Wage inequality and firm performance: Professional basketball’s natural experiment. Atlantic Economic Journal, 32(2), 130–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berri, D. J., & Krautmann, A. C. (2006). Shirking on the court: Testing for the incentive effects of guaranteed pay. Economic Inquiry, 44(3), 536–546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bizzozero, P. (2016). Minimax play at Wimbledon: New evidence. Mimeo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bizzozero, P., Flepp, R., & Franck, E. (2016). The importance of suspense and surprise in entertainment demand: Evidence from Wimbledon. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 130, 47–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury, J. C. (2008). Statistical performance analysis in sport. In B. D. Humphreys & D. R. Howard (Hrsg.), The business of sports: Volume 3: Bridging research and practice (S. 41–56). London: Praeger Perspectives.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryson, A., Rossi, G., & Simmons, R. (2014). The migrant wage premium in professional football: A superstar effect? Kyklos, 67(1), 12–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bühren, C., & Frank, B. (2012). Chess players’ performance beyond 64 squares: A case study on the limitations of cognitive abilities transfer. Talent Development and Excellence, 4(2), 157–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bühren, C., & Krabel, S. (2015). Individual performance after success and failure: A natural experiment (MAGKS Joint discussion paper series in economics no. 05-2015).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bühren, C., & Kundt, T. C. (2014). Does the level of work effort influence tax evasion? Experimental evidence. Review of Economics, 65(2), 137–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bühren, C., & Steinberg, P. J. (2018). The impact of psychological traits on performance in sequential tournaments: Evidence from a tennis field experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2018.12.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bühren, C., Meyer, T., & Pierdzioch, C. (2018). Experimental evidence on forecaster (anti)herding in sports markets. Mimeo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buraimo, B., Frick, B., Hickfang, M., & Simmons, R. (2015). The economics of long-term contracts in the footballers’ labour market. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 62(1), 8–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen-Zada, D., Krumer, A., Rosenboim, M., & Shapir, O. M. (2017). Choking under pressure and gender: Evidence from professional tennis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 176–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dilger, A., & Geyer, H. (2009). Are three points for a win really better than two? A comparison of German soccer league and cup games. Journal of Sports Economics, 10(3), 305–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feri, F., Innocenti, A., & Pin, P. (2013). Is there psychological pressure in competitive environments? Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 249–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franck, E., & Nüesch, S. (2012). Talent and/or popularity: What does it take to be a superstar? Economic Inquiry, 50(1), 202–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frick, B. (2003). Contest theory and sport. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 19(4), 512–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frick, B., & Simmons, R. (2008). The impact of managerial quality on organizational performance: Evidence from German soccer. Managerial and Decision Economics, 29(7), 593–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-del Barrio, P., & Pujol, F. (2007). Hidden monopsony rents in winnertake- all markets – Sport and economic contribution of Spanish soccer players. Managerial and Decision Economics, 28(1), 57–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garicano, L., Palacios-Huerta, I., & Prendergast, C. (2005). Favoritism under social pressure. Review of Economics and Statistics, 87(2), 208–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilovich, T., Vallone, R., & Tversky, A. (1985). The hot hand in basketball: On the misperception of random sequences. Cognitive Psychology, 17(3), 295–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilsdorf, K., & Sukhatme, V. (2007). Testing Rosen’s sequential elimination tournament model. Incentives and player performance in professional tennis. Journal of Sports Economics, 9(3), 287–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • González-Díaz, J., Gossner, O., & Rogers, B. W. (2012). Performing best when it matters most: Evidence from professional tennis. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 84(3), 767–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grund, C., Höcker, J., & Zimmermann, S. (2013). Incidence and consequences of risk-taking behavior in tournaments – Evidence from the NBA. Economic Inquiry, 51(2), 1489–1501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harb-Wu, K., & Krumer, A. (2017). Choking under pressure in front of a supportive audience: Evidence from professional biathlon. Economics Working Paper Series 1717,University of St. Gallen, School of Economics and Political Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heckelman, J. C., & Yates, A. J. (2003). And a hockey game broke out: Crime and punishment in the NHL. Economic Inquiry, 41(4), 705–712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hon, L. Y., & Parinduri, R. A. (2014). Does the three-point rule make soccer more exciting? Evidence from a regression discontinuity design. Journal of Sports Economics, 17(4), 377–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, S. H., Huang, C. Y., & Tang, C. T. (2007). Minimax play at Wimbledon: Comment. The American Economic Review, 97(1), 517–523.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izquierdo Sanchez, S., Elliott, C., & Simmons, R. (2016). Substitution between leisure activities: A quasi-natural experiment using sports viewing and cinema attendance. Applied Economics, 48(40), 3848–3860.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, M. B. (2007). Home advantage in the NBA as a game-long process. Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports, 3(4), 2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, S., & Vranceanu, R. (2017). Experimental estimates of men’s and women’s willingness to compete: Does the gender of the partner matter? Inha University. IBER working paper series no. 5-2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263–291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klaassen, F., & Magnus, J. R. (2014). Analyzing Wimbledon: The power of statistics. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kocher, M. G., Lenz, M. V., & Sutter, M. (2012). Psychological pressure in competitive environments: New evidence from randomized natural experiments. Management Science, 58(8), 1585–1591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolev, G. I., Pina, G., & Todeschini, F. (2015). Decision making and underperformance in competitive environments: Evidence from the national hockey league. Kyklos, 68(1), 65–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koning, R. H. (2011). Home advantage in professional tennis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(1), 19–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuethe, T. H., & Motamed, M. (2010). Returns to stardom: Evidence from U.S. major league soccer. Journal of Sports Economics, 11(5), 567–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazear, E. P., & Rosen, S. (1981). Rank-order tournaments as optimum labor contracts. Journal of Political Economy, 89(5), 841–864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehman, D. W., & Hahn, J. (2013). Momentum and organizational risk taking: Evidence from the National Football League. Management Science, 59(4), 852–868.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, S. D. (2002). Testing the economic model of crime: The national hockey league’s two-referee experiment. Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy, 1(1), 2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, S. D., List, J. A., & Reiley, D. H. (2010). What happens in the field stays in the field: Exploring whether professionals play minimax in laboratory experiments. Econometrica, 78(4), 1413–1434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M. (2004). Moneyball: The art of winning an unfair game. New York: WW Norton & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, J. G., & Zax, J. S. (2000). The rewards to running prize structure and performance in professional road racing. Journal of Sports Economics, 1(4), 323–340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mago, S. D., Sheremeta, R. M., & Yates, A. (2013). Best-of-three contest experiments: Strategic versus psychological momentum. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 31(3), 287–296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marcelino, R., Mesquita, I., Palao, J. M., & Sampaio, J. (2009). Home advantage in high-level volleyball varies according to set number. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 8(3), 352–356.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCormick, R. E., & Tollison, R. D. (1984). Crime on the court. The Journal of Political Economy, 92(2), 223–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. B., & Sanjurjo, A. (2014). A cold shower for the hot hand fallacy. IGIER working paper no. 518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. B., & Sanjurjo, A. (2015). Is it a fallacy to believe in the hot hand in the NBA three-point contest? IGIER working paper no. 548.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. B., & Sanjurjo, A. (2018). Surprised by the hot hand fallacy? A truth in the law of small numbers. Econometrica, forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niederle, M., & Vesterlund, L. (2007). Do women shy away from competition? Do men compete too much? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(3), 1067–1101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, B. (1987). Nonmetric test of the minimax theory of two-person zerosum games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 84(7), 2106–2109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page, K., & Page, L. (2010). Alone against the crowd: Individual differences in referees’ ability to cope under pressure. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(2), 192–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palacios-Huerta, I. (2003). Professionals play minimax. The Review of Economic Studies, 70(2), 395–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Palacios-Huerta, I. (2014). Beautiful game theory: How soccer can help economics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Palacios-Huerta, I., & Volij, O. (2008). Experientia docet: Professionals play minimax in laboratory experiments. Econometrica, 76(1), 71–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pawlowski, T., Breuer, C., & Hovemann, A. (2010). Top clubs’ performance and the competitive situation in European domestic football competitions. Journal of Sports Economics, 11(2), 186–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pope, D. G., & Schweitzer, M. E. (2011). Is Tiger Woods loss averse? Persistent bias in the face of experience, competition, and high stakes. The American Economic Review, 101(1), 129–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prouhet, E. (1851). Mémoire sur quelques relations entre les puissances des nombres. Comptes Rendus des Scéances de l´Académie des Sciences., 33, 225–226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rickman, N., & Witt, R. (2008). Favouritism and financial incentives: A natural experiment. Economica, 75(298), 296–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, S. (1981). The economics of superstars. The American Economic Review, 71(5), 845–858.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreyer, D., Schmidt, S. L., & Torgler, B. (2016). Against all odds? Exploring the role of game outcome uncertainty in season ticket holders’ stadium attendance demand. Journal of Economic Psychology, 56, 192–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, R., & Berri, D. J. (2011). Mixing the princes and the paupers: Pay and performance in the National Basketball Association. Labour Economics, 18(3), 381–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stiroh, K. J. (2007). Playing for keeps: Pay and performance in the NBA. Economic Inquiry, 45(1), 145–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szymanski, S. (2001). Income inequality, competitive balance and the attractiveness of team sports: Some evidence and a natural experiment from English soccer. The Economic Journal, 111(469), 69–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, M., & Wooders, J. (2001). Minimax play at Wimbledon. The American Economic Review, 91(5), 1521–1538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wooders, J. (2010). Does experience teach? Professionals and minimax play in the lab. Econometrica, 78(3), 1143–1154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Deutschland

    Christoph Bühren

Authors
  1. Christoph Bühren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christoph Bühren .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fachgebiet Sportwissenschaft, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany

    Arne Güllich

  2. Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany

    Michael Krüger

Section Editor information

  1. Institut für Sportökonomie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Eike Emrich

  2. Sportwissenschaftliches Institut, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Freya Gassmann

  3. Fakultät für Humanwissenschaften, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Bayern, Germany

    Dieter Hackfort

  4. Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany

    Michael Krüger

  5. Professur für Monetäre Ökonomik, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Christian Pierdzioch

  6. Institut für Sportökonomie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Deutschland

    Eike Emrich

  7. Professur für Monetäre Ökonomik, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Christian Pierdzioch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Bühren, C. (2019). Experimente in der Sportökonomik. In: Güllich, A., Krüger, M. (eds) Sport in Kultur und Gesellschaft. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53385-7_9-2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53385-7_9-2

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-53385-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-53385-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Referenz Naturwissenschaften

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Chapter history

  1. Latest

    Experimente in der Sportökonomik
    Published:
    09 February 2019

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53385-7_9-2

  2. Original

    Experimente in der Sportökonomik
    Published:
    13 November 2018

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53385-7_9-1

Search

Navigation