Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Pediatric Surgery pp 1–26Cite as

Congenital Nevi

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:

  • 145 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter provides a review of different types of congenital lesions of the skin including their natural history, diagnosis, classification, and treatment options. Most lesions can be approached surgically through a variety of techniques. This chapter aims to provide a familiarity with the diagnosis and help the reader develop a management strategy which satisfies both a functional and aesthetic outcome for these patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

References

  • Adler N, Margulis A, Bauer BS. Congenital pigmented nevi of the auricle: clinical experience and approach to treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009a;124(6):1932–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adler N, Dorafshar AH, Bauer BS, Hoadley S, Tournell M. Tissue expander infections in pediatric patients: management and outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009b;124(2):484–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agero AL, Benvenuto CA, Dusza SW, Halpern AC, Marghoob AA. Asymptomatic neurocutaneous melanocytosis in patients with large congenital melanocytic nevi: a study of cases from an Internet-based registry. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53:959–65.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alkureishi LWT, Purnell CA, Park P, et al. Long-term outcomes after pediatric free flap reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2018;81(4):449–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alper JC, Holmes LB. The incidence and significance of birthmarks in a cohort of 4.641 newborns. Pediatr Dermatol. 1983;1:58–68.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alper JC, Holmes LB, Mihm MC. Birthmarks with serious medical significance: nevocellular nevi, sebaceous nevi and multiple café au lait spots. J Pediatr. 1979;95:696–700.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alster TS. Complete elimination of large café au lait birthmarks by the 510-nm pulsed dye laser. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1995;96:1660–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barkovich AJ, Frieden IJ, Williams ML. MR of neurocutaneous melanosis. Am J Neuroradiol. 1994;15:859–67.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer BS, Margulis A. The expanded transposition flap: shifting paradigms based on experience gained from two decades of pediatric tissue expansion. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;114(1):98–106.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer BS, Vicari FA. An approach to excision of congenital giant pigmented nevi in infancy and early childhood. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1988;82:1012–21.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berg P, Lindelof B. Congenital melanocytic naevi and cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2003;13:441–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bett BJ. Large or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi: occurrence of neurocutaneous melanocytosis in 1008 persons. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;54:767–77.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bittencourt FV, Marghoob AA, Kopf AW, Koenig KL, Bart RS. Large congenital melanocytic nevi and the risk for development of malignant melanoma and neurocutaneous melanocytosis. Pediatrics. 2000;106:736–41.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce S, Alster TS. CO2 laser treatment of epidermal nevi: long-term success. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28(7):611–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carpo BG, Grevelink JM, Grevelink SV. Laser treatment of pigmented lesions in children. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1999;18:233–43.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Charbel C, Fontaine RH, Malouf GG, et al. NRAS mutation is the sole recurrent somatic mutation in large congenital melanocytic nevi. J Invest Dermatol. 2014;134(4):1067–74.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cribier B, Scrivener Y, Grosshans E. Tumors arising in nevus sebaceous: a study of 596 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42(2):263–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dragieva G, Hafner J, Kunzi W, Dummer R, Meuli M, Stiefel D, Schiestl C. Malignant melanoma in a large congenital melanocytic nevus 9 years after dermabrasion in childhood. Dermatology. 2006;212(2):208–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elder D, Elenitsas R. Benign pigmented lesions and malignant melanoma. In: Elder D, editor. Lever’s histopathology of the skin. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Illig L, Weidner F, Hundeiker ME. Congenital nevi less than or equal to 10 cm as precursors to melanoma: 52 cases, a review and a new conception. Arch Dermatol. 1985;121:1274–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones E, Heyl T. Naevus Sebaceous. A report of 140 cases with special regard to the development of secondary malignant tumours. Br J Dermatol. 1970;82:99–117.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kadonaga JN, Frieden IJ. Neurocutaneous melanosis: definition and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;24:747–55.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kopf AW, Bart RS, Hennessey P. Congenital nevocytic nevi and malignant melanomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1979;1:123–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krengel S, Hauschild A, Schafer T. Melanoma risk in congenital melanocytic naevi: a systematic review. Br J Dermatol. 2006;155:1–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krengel S, Scope A, Dusza S, Vonthein R, Marghoob A. New recommendations for the categorization of cutaneous features of congenital melanocytic nevi. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;68(3):441–51.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kryger ZB, Bauer BS. Surgical management of large and giant congenital pigmented nevi of the lower extremity. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;121(5):1674–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lim Y, Shin HT, Choi Y, et al. Evolutionary processes of melanomas from giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcmr.12829.

  • Magalon G, Casanova D, Bardot J, Andrac-Meyer L. Early curettage of giant congenital naevi in children. Br J Dermatol. 1998;138:341–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marghoob AA. The challenge of managing congenital melanocytic nevi: remove or not remove? Presented at: 2013 International expert meeting on large congential melanocytic nevi and neurocutaneous melanocytosis; 2013 Sept 28–30. Marseille.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marghoob AA, Schoenbach SP, Kopf AW, Orlow SJ, Nossa R, Bart RS. Large congenital melanocytic nevi and the risk for the development of malignant melanoma. Arch Dermatol. 1996;132:170–5.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marghoob AA, Kopf AW, Bittencourt FV. Moles present at birth: their medical significance. Skin Cancer Found J. 1999;36:95–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marghoob AA, Dusza S, Oliviera S, Halpern AC. Number of satellite nevi as a correlate for neurocutaneous melanocytosis in patients with large congenital melanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol. 2004;140:171–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Margulis A, Bauer BS, Corcoran JF. Surgical management of the cutaneous manifestations of linear nevus sebaceus syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;111(3):1043–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Margulis A, Bauer BS, Fine NA. Large and giant congenital pigmented nevi of the upper extremity: an algorithm to surgical management. Ann Plast Surg. 2004;52(2):158–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Margulis A, Adler N, Bauer BS. Congenital melanocytic nevi of the eyelids and periorbital region. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124(4):1273–83.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehregan A, Pinkus H. Life history of organoid nevi. Special reference to nevus Sebaceus of Jadassohn. Archs Dermatol. 1965;91:574.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michalowski R. Naevus Sebaceous of Jadassohn –a precancerous lesion. Dermatologica. 1962;124:326.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mosa A, Ho ES, Heinelt M, et al. Management of congenital melanocytic nevi in the plastic surgery clinic: families’ expectations and their persistent concern about malignancy. Pediatr Dermatol. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.13987.

  • Paradela S, Del Pozo J, Fernandez-Jorge B, Lozano J, Martinez-Gonzalez C, Fonseca E. Epidermal nevi treated by carbon dioxide laser vaporization: a series of 25 patients. J Dermatolog Treat. 2007;18(3):169–74.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quaba AA, Wallace AF. The incidence of malignant melanoma (0–15 years of age) arising in ‘large’ congenital nevocellular nevi. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986;78:174–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ratz JL, Balain PL, Wheeland RG. Carbon dioxide laser treatment of epidermal nevi. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1986;12(6):567–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR, Melski JW. Small cutaneous nevocellular nevi and the risk of cutaneous melanoma. J Pediatr. 1982;100:219–24.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes AR, Silverman RA, Harrist TJ, Melski JW. A histologic comparison of congenital and acquired nevomelanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol. 1986;121:1266–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers M, McCrossin I, Commens C. Epidermal nevi and the epidermal nevus syndrome. A review of 131 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;20(3):476–88.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roh MR, Eliades P, Gupta S, et al. Genetics of melanocytic nevi. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2015;28(6):661–72.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sandsmark M, Eskeland G, Ogaard AR, et al. Treatment of large congenital naevi. Scand J Plast Reconstr Hand Surg. 1993;27:223–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scalzo DA, Hilda CA, Toth G, Sober AJ, Mihm MC. Childhood melanoma: a clinicopathological study of 22 cases. Melanoma Res. 1997;7:63–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Unlü RE, Tekin F, Sensöz O, Bauer BS. The role of tissue expansion in the management of large congenital pigmented nevi of the forehead in the pediatric patient. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;110(4):1191.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Associate of Surgery, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Bruce S. Bauer & Sara R. Dickie

  2. Clinical Associate, University of Chicago Hospitals, Director of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Illinois Dermatology Institute, Skokie, IL, USA

    Bruce S. Bauer & Sara R. Dickie

Authors
  1. Bruce S. Bauer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sara R. Dickie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruce S. Bauer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Our Lady’s Children's Hospital, National Children’s Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland

    Prem Puri

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (outside the USA)

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Bauer, B.S., Dickie, S.R. (2020). Congenital Nevi. In: Puri, P. (eds) Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38482-0_162-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38482-0_162-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-38482-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-38482-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference MedicineReference Module Medicine

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation