Skip to main content

International Volunteering

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
International Encyclopedia of Civil Society

Synonyms

International voluntary service; Volunteer tourism; Volunteering abroad

Definition

International volunteering is a form of immersive voluntary service performed across an international border. It can take many forms including unilateral service where volunteers from one country serve in a different country, multilateral service where volunteers from different nations serve together in one country, transnational service where volunteers from more than one nation serve together in more than one country, and other arrangements that are more complex (Sherraden et al. 2006). Although the forms of international volunteering vary, the ideal form is based on free will, uncompensated financially, motivated by humanitarian interests, internationally immersive, and formally structured (Lough and Tiessen 2018).

Introduction

This entry provides a brief historical overview of international volunteering, along with changes to traditional forms of international volunteering. It presents a...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allum, C. (2007). International volunteering and co-operation: New developments in programme models. IVCO 2007 conference report. Montreal: International Forum on Development Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allum, C. (2012). Youth international volunteering and development: An opportunity for development, international understanding or social inclusion? Ottawa: International Forum on Development Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baillie Smith, M., & Laurie, N. (2011). International volunteering and development: Global citizenship and neoliberal professionalisation today. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36(4), 545–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00436.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cnaan, R. A., Handy, F., & Wadsworth, M. (1996). Defining who is a volunteer: Conceptual and empirical considerations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 25(3), 364–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Comhlámh. (2018). Code of good practice. https://comhlamh.org/code-of-good-practice/. Accessed 9 Sept 2019.

  • Devereux, P. (2008). International volunteering for development and sustainability: Outdated paternalism or a radical response to globalisation. Development in Practice, 18(3), 357–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrichs, L. (2000). “Volunteering” in development: A post-modern view. World Volunteer Web. http://www.worldvolunteerweb.org/fileadmin/docs/old/pdf/2002/LAO_volunteering_in_development.pdf

  • Engle, J., & Engle, L. (2003). Study abroad levels: Toward a classification of program types. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 9, 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guttentag, D. A. (2009). The possible negative impacts of volunteer tourism. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11(6), 537–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lough, B. J. (2015a). The evolution of international volunteering. Bonn: United Nations Volunteers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lough, B. J. (2015b). A decade of international volunteering from the United States, 2004 to 2014 (CSD research brief no. 15–18). St. Louis: Center for Social Development, Washington University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lough, B. J., & Tiessen, R. (2018). How do international volunteering characteristics influence outcomes? Perspectives from partner organizations. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 29(1), 104–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-017-9902-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lough, B. J., Devereux, P., Perold, H., & Uhereczky, A. (2014). Stipended transnational volunteering. In D. H. Smith, C. Rochester, R. A. Stebbins, & J. Grotz (Eds.), Palgrave handbook on volunteering and nonprofit associations (Vol. 1, pp. 242–258). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-26317-9_11.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lough, B. J., Tiessen, R., & Lasker, J. N. (2018). Effective practices of international volunteering for health: Perspectives from partner organizations. Globalization and Health, 14(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-018-0329-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacNeille, S. (2006). For those who aid others, “tourist” doesn’t tell the whole story. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/13/us/13travel.html?pagewanted=all

  • Mati, J. M. (2017). Models, developments, and effects of transborder youth volunteer exchange programs in Eastern and Southern Africa. In J. Butcher & C. Einolf (Eds.), Perspectives on volunteering: Voices from the South (pp. 129–150). Geneva: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McBride, A. M., Benítez, C., & Sherraden, M. (2003). The forms and nature of civic service: A global assessment. St. Louis: Center for Social Development, Washington University. http://gwbweb.wustl.edu/csd/Publications/2003/Global_Assessment_Report.pdf

  • Nalungwe, S. (2018). Zambia: Critical reflection on objectification, exploitation and neocolonialism. In R. Tiessen, B. J. Lough, & K. E. Grantham (Eds.), Insights on international volunteering: Perspectives from the Global South (pp. 98–109). Baden-Baden: Voluntaris: Journal of Volunteer Services/Nomos.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Perold, H., & Graham, L. A. (2017). The value of volunteers in community-based organizations: Insights from Southern Africa. In J. Butcher & C. J. Einolf (Eds.), Perspectives on volunteering: Voices from the South (pp. 115–129). Geneva: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Perold, H., Mavungu, E. M., Cronin, K., Graham, L. A., Muchemwa, L., & Lough, B. J. (2011). International voluntary service in Southern African Development Community (SADC): Host organisation perspectives from Mozambique and Tanzania. Johannesburg: Volunteer and Service Enquiry Southern Africa (VOSESA).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinkau, I. (1977). Service for development: An evaluation of development services and their cooperative relationships (Vol. 1). Washington, DC: Society for International Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plewes, B., & Stuart, R. (2007). Opportunities and challenges for international volunteer co-operation. IVCO conference report. Fitzroy: International Forum for Development Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstock-Huessy, E. (1978). Planetary service: A way into the third millennium. Jericho: Argo Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schech, S. (2017). International volunteering in a changing Aidland. Geography Compass, 11(12), 12351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherraden, M. S., Stringham, J., Sow, S. C., McBride, A. M., & Costanzo, S. (2006). The forms and structure of international voluntary service. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 17(2), 156–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-006-9011-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherraden, M. S., Lough, B. J., & McBride, A. M. (2008). Effects of international volunteering and service: Individual and institutional predictors. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 19, 395–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-008-9072-x.

  • Simpson, K. (2004). “Doing development”: The gap year, volunteer-tourists and a popular practice of development. Journal of International Development, 16, 681–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. H., & Elkin, F. (1981). Volunteers, voluntary associations, and development: An introduction. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 21(3–4), 151–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiessen, R., Lough, B. J., & Cheung, S. (2018). Agency and the role of partner organizations in the Global South: A theoretical and methodological case for North–South volunteering research collaborations. In Insights on international volunteering perspectives from the Global South (pp. 7–22). Bonn: Voluntaris: Journal of Volunteer Services/Nomos.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wearing, S. L., Benson, A. M., & McGehee, N. (2016). Volunteer tourism and travel volunteering. In The Palgrave handbook of volunteering, civic participation, and nonprofit associations (pp. 275–289). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, D. E. (1971). Volunteers in community development. Paris: Coordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service, UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

Further Reading

  • Baillie Smith, M., & Laurie, N. (2011). International volunteering and development: Global citizenship and neoliberal professionalisation today. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36(4), 545–559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00436.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baillie Smith, M., Laurie, N., & Griffiths, M. (2018). South–South volunteering and development. Geographical Journal, 184(2), 158–168. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, D., Picken, A., Hacker, E., Aked, J., Turner, K., Lewis, S., & Franco, E. L. (2015). The role of volunteering in sustainable development. London: Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO International) and The Institute of Development Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, L. A., Mavungu, E. M., Perold, H., Cronin, K., Muchemwa, L., & Lough, B. J. (2012). International volunteers and the development of host organisations in Africa: Lessons from Tanzania and Mozambique. In SAGE Net (Ed.), International volunteering in Southern Africa: Potential for change? (pp. 31–59). Bonn: Scientia Bonnensis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lough, B. J., & Oppenheim, W. (2017). Revisiting reciprocity in international volunteering. Progress in Development Studies, 17(3), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993417713275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McBride, A. M., Lough, B. J., & Sherraden, M. S. (2012). International service and the perceived impacts on volunteers. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 41(6), 969–990. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764011421530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okabe, Y., Shiratori, S., & Suda, K. (2019). What motivates Japan’s international volunteers? Categorizing Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCVs). Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 30, 1069–1089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-019-00110-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perold, H., Graham, L. A., Mavungu, E. M., Cronin, K., Muchemwa, L., & Lough, B. J. (2013). The colonial legacy of international voluntary service. Community Development Journal, 48(2), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdj/bss037.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rehberg, W. (2005). Altruistic individualists: Motivations for international volunteering among young adults in Switzerland. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 16(2), 109–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, G. (2001). Human traffic: Skills, employers and international volunteering. London: Demos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiessen, R., Grantham, K. E., & Lough, B. J. (Eds.). (2018). Insights on international volunteering: Perspectives from the Global South. Bonn: Voluntaris: Journal of Volunteer Services/Nomos.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wearing, S. (2001). Volunteer tourism: Experiences that make a difference. Oxon: CABI Publishing.

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benjamin J. Lough .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Lough, B.J. (2020). International Volunteering. In: List, R., Anheier, H., Toepler, S. (eds) International Encyclopedia of Civil Society. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_9531-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99675-2_9531-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-99675-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-99675-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Social SciencesReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Business, Economics and Social Sciences

Publish with us

Policies and ethics