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Encyclopedia of Coastal Science pp 1108–1114Cite as

Mangroves, Ecology

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Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series ((EESS))

Introduction

Mangroves have always been considered as marginal ecosystems for at least three main reasons. First, the global mangrove area does not exceed 180,000 km2representing less than 2% of the world’s tropical forest resources. Second, their discontinuous distribution, at the land and sea interface of tropical and subtropical coastlines, is primarily characterized by tidal regimes, which is a unique forest habitat. Third, the frequent wide fluctuations of environmental factors (dissolved oxygen, salinity, organic, and inorganic suspended matter) have induced in mangrove flora, a complex range of adaptations, lacking in other woody species, unable to compete or to survive in these highly variable and adverse environmental conditions (low oxygen content in soils, sulfate toxicity, high NaCl in water and soils, exposure to hurricanes and surges, muddy soils, instability, etc.). Yet, these ecosystems are highly productive with an average primary productivity often higher than that...

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d’Écologie Terrestre, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

    Francois Blasco

  2. Laboratoire d’Ecologie Terrestre (UMR 5552), Centre de Teledetection, Toulouse Cedex 4, France

    M. Aizpuru

  3. TOTAL FINA ELF-DGEP/AEO, Paris La Defence cedex, France

    J. Besnehard

Authors
  1. Francois Blasco
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  2. M. Aizpuru
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  3. J. Besnehard
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francois Blasco .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Asheville, NC, USA

    Charles W. Finkl

  2. Coastal Education and Research Foundation, Coconut Creek, FL, USA

    Christopher Makowski

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Blasco, F., Aizpuru, M., Besnehard, J. (2019). Mangroves, Ecology. In: Finkl, C.W., Makowski, C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Coastal Science. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_203

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