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Endophytes of Ginseng

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Endophytes and Secondary Metabolites

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

Abstract

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) is a well-known medicinal plant which is used as a tonic in oriental medicine. Ginsenosides are the most important secondary metabolites of ginseng which have pharmacological effects including anticancer, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-stress properties. Bacterial and fungal endophytes associated with ginseng plants have been isolated, characterized from its natural distribution range. Endophytes of ginseng showed tissue or organ, age, genotype, and geographical location specificity with their distribution and abundance. Bacillus, Burkholderia, Lysinibacillus, Micrococcus, Paenibacillus, and Pseudomonas are major bacterial genera isolated from ginseng. Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Entrophospora, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phoma, Setophoma, Verticillium, and Xylaria are the most frequent fungal genera isolated from ginseng. Majority of ginseng endophytes depicted many of biological activities such as plant growth promotion, antimicrobial, antitumor, ginsenoside biosynthesis, and biotransformation activities. In this chapter we presented the recent progress made in the area of biology of ginseng endophytes.

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Abbreviations

A-549:

Adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (lung cancer cell line)

B-16:

Murine tumor cell line

CF:

Colonization frequency

CFU:

Colony-forming units

HepG2:

Human epithelial type G2 (liver cancer cell line)

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IC50:

50% inhibition concentration

L-1210:

Leukemia 1210

L-929:

Mouse fibroblast cell line

LC/MS:

Liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy

MK-1:

Human epithelial cell line

MKN45:

Human gastric cancer cell line

MS/MS:

Mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy

OVCAR-2:

Human epithelial carcinoma cell line of the ovary (ovarian cancer cell line)

PDB:

Potato dextrose broth

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by DST-PURSE-Phase II program and UGC-BSR mid-career award grant [No. F.19-223/2018(BSR)].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy & Dayanand Dalawai

  2. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, So-Young Park & Kee-Yoeup Paek

Authors
  1. Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
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  2. Dayanand Dalawai
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  3. So-Young Park
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  4. Kee-Yoeup Paek
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

    Sumita Jha

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Murthy, H.N., Dalawai, D., Park, SY., Paek, KY. (2019). Endophytes of Ginseng. In: Jha, S. (eds) Endophytes and Secondary Metabolites. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90484-9_4

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