Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Bioactive Molecules in Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms for Human Wellness

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Bioactive Molecules in Food

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

Abstract

Mushrooms are now gaining popularity not only as an ordinary culinary ingredient, but as a healthy and whole functional food. This chapter describes three major categories of bioactive molecules found in edible and medicinal mushrooms. First is the mushroom’s polysaccharide which is widely accepted as a superior immune-modulatory agent. The mushroom β-glucans differ from the bacterial and plant glucans. Mushroom β-glucans consist of linear β-(1→3)-linked backbones with β-(1→6)-linked side chains of varying length and distribution. Several important β-glucans like lentinan, schizophyllan, grifolan, as well as polysaccharide krestin (PSK) and polysaccharopeptide, will be discussed. Next, the triterpenes family, which are highly conserved in Ganoderma species, will be elaborated further in this chapter. Finally, the indole alkaloids, which are important in mushroom as pigmentation inducer and hallucinogens, will be briefly discussed with emphasis on the psilocin and its derivatives. Other pharmacologically important mushroom-derived alkaloids will also be included. Overall, the potential to develop mushrooms as nutraceutical foods for human wellness, and their bioactive molecules for drugs, is huge.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Chang S, Miles P (1992) Mushroom biology – a new discipline. Mycologist 6:64–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Miles PG, Chang ST (1997) Mushroom biology: concise basics and current developents. World Scientific, Singapore

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Chang S-T, Buswell JA (2008) Development of the world mushroom industry: applied mushroom biology and international mushroom organizations. Int J Med Mush 10:195–208. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v10.i3.10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Lindequist U, Niedermeyer THJ, Jülich W-D (2005) The pharmacological potential of mushrooms. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2:285–299. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Mat-Amin MZ, Harun A, Abdul-Wahab MAM (2014) Status and potential of mushroom industry in Malaysia. Econ Technol Manag Rev 9b:103–111

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chang ST (1996) Mushroom research and development - equality and mutual benefit. In: Royse DJ (ed) Mushroom biology and mushroom products. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, pp 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  7. Phan C-W, Sabaratnam V (2012) Potential uses of spent mushroom substrate and its associated lignocellulosic enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 96:863–873. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4446-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Adenipekun C, Lawal R (2012) Uses of mushrooms in bioremediation: a review. Biotechnol Mol Biol Rev 7:62–68. https://doi.org/10.5897/BMBR12.006

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kulshreshtha S, Mathur N, Bhatnagar P (2014) Mushroom as a product and their role in mycoremediation. AMB Express 4:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-014-0029-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rathore H, Prasad S, Sharma S (2017) Mushroom nutraceuticals for improved nutrition and better human health: a review. Pharm Nutr 5:35–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2017.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Roupas P, Keogh J, Noakes M et al (2012) The role of edible mushrooms in health: evaluation of the evidence. J Funct Foods 4:687–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2012.05.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhao R, He Y (2018) Network pharmacology analysis of the anti-cancer pharmacological mechanisms of Ganoderma lucidum extract with experimental support using Hepa1-6-bearing C57 BL/6 mice. J Ethnopharmacol 210:287–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.041

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yu Y, Qian L, Du NAN et al (2017) Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide enhances radiosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 through Akt signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 14:5903–5907. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Qu L, Li S, Zhuo Y et al (2017) Anticancer effect of triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum in human prostate cancer cells. Oncol Lett 14:7467–7472. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.7153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhao X, Zhou D, Liu Y et al (2018) Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide inhibits prostate cancer cell migration via the protein arginine methyltransferase 6 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 17:147–157. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.7904

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hsu P, Lin Y, Yeh E et al (2017) Cordycepin and a preparation from Cordyceps militaris inhibit malignant transformation and proliferation by decreasing EGFR and IL-17RA signaling in a murine oral cancer model. Oncotarget 8:93712–93728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chaicharoenaudomrung N, Jaroonwitchawan T, Noisa P (2018) Toxicology in vitro cordycepin induces apoptotic cell death of human brain cancer through the modulation of autophagy. Toxicol in Vitro 46:113–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2017.10.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Lee JS, Lee KR, Lee S et al (2017) Polysaccharides isolated from liquid culture broth of Inonotus obliquus inhibit the invasion of human non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cell 51:45–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-016-0458-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhao F, Xia G, Chen L et al (2016) Chemical constituents from Inonotus obliquus and their antitumor activities. J Nat Med 70:721–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11418-016-1002-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhao Y, Wang J, Wu Z et al (2016) Extraction, purification and anti-proliferative activities of polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes. Int J Biol Macromol 93:136–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang Y, Liu W, Xu C et al (2017) Characterization and antiproliferative effect of novel acid polysaccharides from the spent substrate of shiitake culinary-medicinal mushroom Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) cultivation. Int J Med Mush 19:395–403. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i5.20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Klimaszewska M, Górska S, Dawidowski M et al (2017) Selective cytotoxic activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine– and Se-Polysaccharide–containing extracts from shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mush 19:709–716. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2017021250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhao F, Wang YF, Song L et al (2017) Synergistic apoptotic effect of D-fraction from Grifola frondosa and vitamin C on hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells. Integr Cancer Ther 16:205–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735416644674

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Alonso EN, Ferronato MJ, Gandini NA et al (2017) Antitumoral effects of D-fraction from Grifola Frondosa (Maitake) mushroom in breast cancer. Nutr Cancer 69:29–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2017.1247891

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Meng M, Cheng D, Han L et al (2017) Isolation, purification, structural analysis and immunostimulatory activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa fruiting body. Carbohydr Polym 157:1134–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.082

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ko C-H, Yue GG-L, Gao S et al (2017) Evaluation of the combined use of metronomic zoledronic acid and Coriolus versicolor in intratibial breast cancer mouse model. J Ethnopharmacol 204:77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.007

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Awadasseid A, Hou J, Gamallat Y et al (2017) Purification, characterization, and antitumor activity of a novel glucan from the fruiting bodies of Coriolus versicolor. PLoS One 12:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang L, Li CG, Liang H, Reddy N (2017) Bioactive mushroom polysaccharides: immunoceuticals to anticancer agents. J Nutr Food Sci 2:6

    Google Scholar 

  29. Zhu F, Du B, Bian Z, Xu B (2015) β-glucans from edible and medicinal mushrooms: characteristics, physicochemical and biological activities. J Food Compos Anal 41:165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2015.01.019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Brown GD, Gordon S (2005) Immune recognition of fungal β-glucans. Cell Microbiol 7:471–479. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00505.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wasser SP (2002) Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 60:258–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-1076-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Friedman M (2016) Mushroom polysaccharides: chemistry and antiobesity, antidiabetes, anticancer, and antibiotic properties in cells, rodents, and humans. Foods 5:80. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods5040080

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Chihara G, Maeda Y, Hamuro J et al (1969) Inhibition of mouse sarcoma 180 by polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) sing. Nature 222:687–688. https://doi.org/10.1038/222687a0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Finimundy TC, Dillon AJP, Henriques JAP, Ely MR (2014) A review on general nutritional compounds and pharmacological properties of the Lentinula edodes mushroom. Food Nutr Sci 5:1095–1105. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2014.512119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Zhang M, Cui SW, Cheung PCK, Wang Q (2007) Antitumor polysaccharides from mushrooms: a review on their isolation process, structural characteristics and antitumor activity. Trends Food Sci Technol 18:4–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2006.07.013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Gregory F (1966) Studies on antitumor substances produced by. Basidiomycetes. Mycologia 58:80–90

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Xu SL, Choi RCY, Zhu KY et al (2012) Isorhamnetin, a flavonol aglycone from Ginkgo biloba L., induces neuronal differentiation of cultured PC12 cells: potentiating the effect of nerve growth factor. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:278273. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/278273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Zhang M, Zhang L, Cheung PC et al (2003) Fractionation and characterization of a polysaccharide from the sclerotia of Pleurotus tuber-regium by preparative size-exclusion chromatography. J Biochem Biophys Methods 30:281-9.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Xiao J-H, Xiao D-M, Chen D-X et al (2012) Polysaccharides from the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps taii show antioxidant and immunoenhancing activities in a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012:273435. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/273435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Ren L, Perera C, Hemar Y (2012) Antitumor activity of mushroom polysaccharides: a review. Food Funct 3:1118. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2fo10279j

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ahn H, Jeon E, Kim JC et al (2017) Lentinan from shiitake selectively attenuates AIM2 and non-canonical inflammasome activation while inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Sci Rep 7:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-01462-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhang Q, Hu M, Xu L et al (2017) Effect of edible fungal polysaccharides on improving influenza vaccine protection in mice. Food Agric Immunol 28:981–992. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540105.2017.1323326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Shinbo T, Fushida S, Tsukada T et al (2015) Protein-bound polysaccharide K suppresses tumor fibrosis in gastric cancer by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 33:553–558. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3636

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Sun C, Rosendahl a H, Wang XD et al (2012) Polysaccharide-K (PSK) in cancer – old story, new possibilities? Curr Med Chem 19:757–762

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Ma Y, Wu X, Yu J et al (2017) Can polysaccharide K improve therapeutic efficacy and safety in gastrointestinal cancer? A systematic review and network meta- analysis. Oncotarget 8:89108–89118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Fritz H, Kennedy DA, Ishii M et al (2015) Polysaccharide K and Coriolus versicolor extracts for lung cancer: a systematic review. Integr Cancer Ther 14:201–211. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735415572883

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Feng ZL, Fang TJ, Qian YX, Rong WH (2014) The clinical research for Ganoderan’s effect on preventing and treating cerebral arteriosclerosis through inhibiting NADPH oxidizing enzyme expression. Pak J Pharm Sci 27:1107–1111

    Google Scholar 

  48. Zhong W-D, He H-C, Ou R-B et al (2008) Protective effect of ganoderan on renal damage in rats with chronic glomerulonephritis. Clin Invest Med 31:E212–E217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Jesenak M, Urbancek S, Majtan J et al (2016) β -Glucan-based cream (containing pleuran isolated from pleurotus ostreatus ) in supportive treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Treat 27:351–354. https://doi.org/10.3109/09546634.2015.1117565

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kanagasabapathy G, Malek SNA, Kuppusamy UR, Vikineswary S (2011) Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of extracts of fresh fruiting bodies of Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) singer. J Agric Food Chem 59:2618–2626. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf104133g

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kanagasabapathy G, Chua KH, Malek SNA et al (2014) AMP-activated protein kinase mediates insulin-like and lipo-mobilising effects of β-glucan-rich polysaccharides isolated from Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.), singer mushroom, in 3T3-L1 cells. Food Chem 145:198–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.08.051

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Zhang Y, Kong H, Fang Y et al (2013) Schizophyllan: a review on its structure, properties, bioactivities and recent developments. Bioact Carbohydr Diet Fibre 1:53–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2013.01.002

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Leathers TD, Nunnally MS, Stanley AM, Rich JO (2016) Utilization of corn fiber for production of schizophyllan. Biomass Bioenergy 95:132–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.10.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Asgher M, Wahab A, Bilal M, Nasir Iqbal HM (2016) Lignocellulose degradation and production of lignin modifying enzymes by Schizophyllum commune IBL-06 in solid-state fermentation. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 6:195–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2016.04.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Singdevsachan SK, Auroshree P, Mishra J et al (2016) Mushroom polysaccharides as potential prebiotics with their antitumor and immunomodulating properties: a review. Bioact Carbohydr Diet Fibre 7:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2015.11.001

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Jamshidian H, Shojaosadati SA, Mohammad Mousavi S et al (2017) Implications of recovery procedures on structural and rheological properties of schizophyllan produced from date syrup. Int J Biol Macromol 105:36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.06.110

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Sutivisedsak N, Leathers TD, Biresaw G et al (2016) Simplified process for preparation of schizophyllan solutions for biomaterial applications. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 46:313–319. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826068.2015.1031392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Ng SH, Mohd Zain MS, Zakaria F et al (2015) Hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of Pleurotus sajor-caju aqueous extract in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Res Int 2015:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/214918

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Mao CF, Hsu MC, Hwang WH (2007) Physicochemical characterization of grifolan: thixotropic properties and complex formation with Congo red. Carbohydr Polym 68:502–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.11.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Suzuki I, Takeyama T, Ohno N et al (1987) Antitumor effect of polysaccharide grifolan NMF-5N on syngeneic tumor in mice. J Pharmacobiodyn 10:72–77

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. El Enshasy HA, Hatti-Kaul R (2013) Mushroom immunomodulators: unique molecules with unlimited applications. Trends Biotechnol 31:668–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.09.003

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Jayachandran M, Xiao J, Xu B (2017) A critical review on health promoting benefits of edible mushrooms through gut microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 18:1934. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18091934

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Zhou Y, Yang X, Yang Q (2006) Recent advances on triterpenes from ganoderma mushroom. Food Rev Int 22:259–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559120600694739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Sliva D (2003) Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) in cancer treatment. Integr Cancer Ther 2:358–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735403259066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Min BS, Nakamura N, Miyashiro H et al (1998) Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 46:1607–1612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Min BS, Gao JJ, Nakamura N, Hattori M (2000) Triterpenes from the spores of Ganoderma lucidum and their cytotoxicity against meth-A and LLC tumor cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 48:1026–1033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Cheng P-G, Phan C-W, Sabaratnam V et al (2013) Polysaccharides-rich extract of Ganoderma lucidum (M.A. Curtis:Fr.) P. Karst accelerates wound healing in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/671252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Zapata P, Rojas D, Atehortúa L (2012) Production of biomass, polysaccharides, and ganoderic acid using non-conventional carbon sources under submerged culture of the Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) P. Karst. (Higher Basidiomycetes). Int J Med Mush 14:197–203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. el-Mekkawy S, Meselhy MR, Nakamura N et al (1998) Anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-1-protease substances from Ganoderma lucidum. Phytochemistry 49:1651–1657

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. You B-J, Tien N, Lee M-H et al (2017) Induction of apoptosis and ganoderic acid biosynthesis by cAMP signaling in Ganoderma lucidum. Sci Rep 7:318. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00281-x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Zhang X, Ip F, Zhang D et al (2011) Triterpenoids with neurotrophic activity from Ganoderma lucidum. Nat Prod Res 25:1607–1613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Chi B, Wang S, Bi S et al (2017) Effects of ganoderic acid A on lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine release from primary mouse microglia cultures. Exp Ther Med 15:847–853. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Su HJ, Fann YF, Chung MI et al (2000) New lanostanoids of Ganoderma tsugae. J Nat Prod 63:514–516. https://doi.org/10.1021/np990367l

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. González AG, León F, Rivera A et al (2002) New lanostanoids from the fungus Ganoderma concinna. J Nat Prod 65:417–421. https://doi.org/10.1021/np010143e

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Mothana RAA, Awadh Ali NA, Jansen R et al (2003) Antiviral lanostanoid triterpenes from the fungus Ganoderma pfeifferi. Fitoterapia 74:177–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(02)00305-2

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. El Dine RS, El Halawany AM, Ma CM, Hattori M (2008) Anti-HIV-1 protease activity of lanostane triterpenes from the Vietnamese mushroom Ganoderma colossum. J Nat Prod 71:1022–1026. https://doi.org/10.1021/np8001139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Baby S, Johnson AJ, Govindan B (2015) Secondary metabolites from Ganoderma. Phytochemistry 114:66–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.03.010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Weng C-J, Fang P-S, Chen D-H et al (2010) Anti-invasive effect of a rare mushroom, Ganoderma colossum, on human hepatoma cells. J Agric Food Chem 58:7657–7663. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf101464h

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Chen X-Q, Chen L-X, Zhao J et al (2017) Nortriterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom Ganoderma resinaceum. Molecules 22:1073. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22071073

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Tohtahon Z, Xue J, Han J et al (2017) Cytotoxic lanostane triterpenoids from the fruiting bodies of Piptoporus betulinus. Phytochemistry 143:98–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2017.07.013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Pleszczyńska M, Lemieszek MK, Siwulski M et al (2017) Fomitopsis betulina (formerly Piptoporus betulinus): the Iceman’s polypore fungus with modern biotechnological potential. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 33:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-017-2247-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Peintner U, Pöder R, Pümpel T (1998) The iceman’s fungi. Mycol Res 102:1153–1162. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756298006546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. Vunduk J, Klaus A, Kozarski M et al (2015) Did the iceman know better? Screening of the medicinal properties of the Birch Polypore medicinal mushroom, Piptoporus betulinus (Higher Basidiomycetes). Int J Med Mush 17:1113–1125. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v17.i12.10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Pleszczyńska M, Wiater A, Siwulski M et al (2016) Cultivation and utility of Piptoporus betulinus fruiting bodies as a source of anticancer agents. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 32:151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-016-2114-4

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Phosri C, Watling R, Suwannasai N et al (2014) A new representative of star-shaped fungi: Astraeus sirindhorniae sp. nov. from Thailand. PLoS One 9:e71160. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071160

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Isaka M, Palasarn S, Srikitikulchai P et al (2016) Astraeusins A – L, lanostane triterpenoids from the edible mushroom Astraeus odoratus. Tetrahedron 72:1–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2016.04.057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Srisurichan S, Piapukiew J, Puthong S, Pornpakakul S (2017) Lanostane triterpenoids, spiro-astraodoric acid, and astraodoric acids E and F, from the edible mushroom Astraeus odoratus. Phytochem Lett 21:78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2017.05.020

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Gargano ML, van Griensven LJLD, Isikhuemhen OS et al (2017) Medicinal mushrooms: valuable biological resources of high exploitation potential. Plant Biosyst 151:548–565. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2017.1301590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Homer JA, Sperry J (2017) Mushroom-derived indole alkaloids. J Nat Prod 80:2178–2187. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00390

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Tsujikawa K, Kanamori T, Iwata Y et al (2003) Morphological and chemical analysis of magic mushrooms in Japan. Forensic Sci Int 138:85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2003.08.009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Kovacic P, Somanathan R, Abadjian M-C (2015) Natural monophenols as therapeutics, antioxidants and toxins; Electron transfer, radicals and oxidative stress. Nat Prod J 5:142–151. https://doi.org/10.2174/221031550503151016153837

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Wurst M, Kysilka R, Flieger M (2002) Psychoactive tryptamines from basidiomycetes. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 47:3–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Holloway T, González-Maeso J (2015) Epigenetic mechanisms of serotonin signaling. ACS Chem Neurosci 6:1099–1109. https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Lee H-M, Roth BL (2012) Hallucinogen actions on human brain revealed. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109:1820–1821. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121358109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Lenz C, Wick J, Hoffmeister D (2017) Identification of ω- N-Methyl-4-hydroxytryptamine (norpsilocin) as a Psilocybe natural product. J Nat Prod 80:2835–2838. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Rucker J et al (2016) Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Lancet Psychiat 3:619–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30065-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Carhart-Harris RL, Roseman L, Bolstridge M et al (2017) Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression: FMRI-measured brain mechanisms. Sci Rep 7:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13282-7

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wittstein K, Rascher M, Rupcic Z et al (2016) Corallocins A–C, nerve growth and brain-derived neurotrophic factor inducing metabolites from the mushroom Hericium coralloides. J Nat Prod 79:2264–2269. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00371

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Geissler T, Brandt W, Porzel A et al (2010) Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from the toadstool Cortinarius infractus. Bioorg Med Chem 18:2173–2177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2010.01.074

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Brondz I, Ekeberg D, Høiland K et al (2007) The real nature of the indole alkaloids in Cortinarius infractus: evaluation of artifact formation through solvent extraction method development. J Chromatogr A 1148:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.074

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Steglich W, Kopanski L, Wolf M et al (1984) Indolalkaloide aus dem blätterpilz (agaricales). Tetrahedron Lett 25:2341–2344. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80250-1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Bröckelmann MG, Dasenbrock J, Steffan B et al (2004) An unusual series of thiomethylated canthin-6-ones from the North American mushroom Boletus curtisii. Eur J Org Chem 2004:4856–4863. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200400519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Vieira Torquato HF, Ribeiro-Filho AC, Buri MV et al (2017) Canthin-6-one induces cell death, cell cycle arrest and differentiation in human myeloid leukemia cells. Biochim Biophys Acta, Gen Subj 1861:958–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Barros-Filho BA, de Oliveira MCF, Mafezoli J et al (2012) Secondary metabolite production by the basidiomycete, Lentinus strigellus, under different culture conditions. Nat Prod Commun 7:771–773

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Barros-Filho BA, de Oliveira M d CF, Lemos TLG et al (2009) Lentinus strigellus: a new versatile stereoselective biocatalyst for the bioreduction of prochiral ketones. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 20:1057–1061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetasy.2009.02.008

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the support of this work by the University of Malaya BKP grant (BK011-2017). This work was also supported by the University of Malaya High Impact Research MoE Grants, namely UM.C/625/1/HIR/MoE/SC/02 and UM.C/625/1/HIR/MOHE/ASH/01(H-23001-G000008).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Chia-Wei Phan, Elson Yi-Yong Tan & Vikineswary Sabaratnam

  2. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Chia-Wei Phan & Elson Yi-Yong Tan

  3. Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Vikineswary Sabaratnam

Authors
  1. Chia-Wei Phan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Elson Yi-Yong Tan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vikineswary Sabaratnam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chia-Wei Phan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

  2. Department of Botany, University College of Science, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Phan, CW., Tan, E.YY., Sabaratnam, V. (2019). Bioactive Molecules in Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms for Human Wellness. In: Mérillon, JM., Ramawat, K.G. (eds) Bioactive Molecules in Food. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_83

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation