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Oncologic Critical Care pp 2021–2034Cite as

Delirium in the Pediatric Critical Care Oncologic Patient

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Abstract

Delirium is an acute and fluctuating change in cognition and attention that arises as a result of underlying physical illness. In critically ill children, delirium is a prevalent, yet underrecognized complication of hospitalization. Pediatric oncologic patients are at particularly high risk of developing delirium. This condition arises as a result of three intersecting triggers: the patient’s primary medical illness, the side effects of treatment(s) for that illness, and the highly abnormal environment of the intensive care unit. A number of intrinsic and modifiable risk factors for delirium are known, allowing medical teams to identify patients who are most susceptible. Three clinical subtypes of delirium have been described – hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed – with the hypoactive being the most common and also the most dangerous. Pediatric delirium may be diagnosed by psychiatric evaluation or by a validated screening tool. Attention to preventing, diagnosing, and treating delirium is imperative, as delirium is associated with a number of negative sequelae including increased length of hospitalization, psycho-emotional stress, and mortality. However, with prompt treatment, the vast majority of delirium cases are reversible.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Sydney Nicole Ariagno

  2. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Chani Traube

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  1. Sydney Nicole Ariagno
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  2. Chani Traube
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Correspondence to Sydney Nicole Ariagno .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Critical Care and Respiratory Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Joseph L. Nates

  2. Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Department of Critical Care and Respiratory Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Kristen J. Price

Section Editor information

  1. Pediatric Critical Care, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA

    Rodrigo Mejia

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Ariagno, S.N., Traube, C. (2020). Delirium in the Pediatric Critical Care Oncologic Patient. In: Nates, J., Price, K. (eds) Oncologic Critical Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74588-6_198

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