Abstract
Being resilient is a continuous endeavor and building resilience in a climate varying context presents challenges for adaptation planning. Some of these challenges, besides others, are transiting from vulnerability assessments to a contextual adaptation plan and shifting from capacity building to developing an “adaptive capacity” to undertake “low/no regret” interventions on a continued basis.
Development programs have mainly followed a top-down approach which draws on plans and models prepared by research institutions or development practitioners. The engagement of local communities has largely been limited, which misses out on their contextual experience, knowledge, as well as aspirations, while making them dependent on external agencies. Moreover, “ownership” for sustainability is limited to the project period. This chapter draws on lessons learnt from natural resources management projects in three Indian states – which includes designing projects, making mid-course modifications, and conducting project evaluations. It provides guidelines for developing a climate resilience plan for the agrarian community in rain-fed regions, that is contextual (biophysical and socioeconomical), with low/no regret interventions, that engages communities, proposes appropriate capacities to be developed, and which can be implemented at scale.
References
Alinovi L, D’errico M, Mane E, Romano D (2010) Livelihoods strategies and household resilience to food insecurity: an empirical analysis to Kenya. In: Conference organized by the European Report of Development, Dakar, pp 28–30
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) (2014) Africa agriculture status report: Climate change and smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan African, Nairobi
Census (2011) Census of India, the Registrar General & Census Commissioner. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, New Delhi
Cohen S, Demeritt D, Robinson J, Rothman D (1998) Climate change and sustainable development: towards dialogue. Glob Environ Chang 8(4):341–371
D’Souza M, Rao KB, Awasthi S, Nazareth D, Bendapudi R (2017) Identifying climate risks and assessing differential vulnerability of communities in Ahmednagar and Aurangabad districts of Maharashtra. CARIAA-ASSAR working paper. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada and UK Aid, London, United Kingdom. Available online at: www.assaradapt.org
Department for International Development (DFID) (2007) Sustainable livelihoods guidance sheets. UK DFID Department for International Development, London
Dewi PP (2009) Climate change impacts on tropical agriculture and the potential of organic agriculture to overcome these impacts Asian. J Food Agro-Ind 2:10–17. Special Issue
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2017). The Future of Food and Agriculture. Trends and Challenges
Grainger-Jones E (2011) Climate-smart smallholder agriculture: what’s different? IFAD occasional paper, 3. International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2014) Annex II: glossary [Agard J, Schipper ELF, Birkmann J, Campos M, Dubeux C, Nojiri Y, Olsson L, Osman-Elasha B, Pelling M, Prather MJ, Rivera-Ferre MG, Ruppel OC, Sallenger A, Smith KR, St. Clair AL, Mach KJ, Mastrandrea MD, Bilir TE (eds)]. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part B: regional aspects. Contribution of working Group II to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change [Barros VR, Field CB, Dokken DJ, Mastrandrea MD, Mach KJ, Bilir TE, Chatterjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN, MacCracken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (eds)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK/New York, pp 1757–1776
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction United Nation (ISDR, UN) (2005) Hyogo framework for action 2005–2015: building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters. In: Extract from the final report of the World conference on disaster reduction (A/CONF. 206/6), vol 380, UNISDR Publications, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
Mahendra Dev S (2014) Small farmers in India: challenges and opportunities
McGray H, Hammill A, Bradley R, Schipper EL, Parry JE (2007) Weathering the storm: options for framing adaptation and development. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, p 57
Mikulewicz M (2018) Politicizing vulnerability and adaptation: on the need to democratize local responses to climate impacts in developing countries. Clim Dev 10(1):18–34
National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land-Use Planning (NBSSLUP) (1996) Map of Karnataka Soils. Nagpur, India: the Bureau
Noble IR, Huq S, Anokhin YA, Carmin J, Goudou D, Lansigan FP, Osman-Elasha B, Villamizar A (2014) Adaptation needs and options. In: Field CB, Barros VR, Dokken DJ, Mach KJ, Mastrandrea MD, Bilir TE, Chatterjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN, MacCracken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (eds) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of working group II to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK/New York, pp 833–868
Porter JR, Xie L, Challinor AJ, Cochrane K, Howden SM, Iqbal MM, Lobell DB, Travass MI (2014) Food security and food production systems. In: Field CB, Barros VR, Dokken DJ, Mach KJ, Mastrandrea MD, Bilir TE, Chatterjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN, MacCracken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (eds) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of working group II to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK/New York, pp 485–533
Rao BK, Awasthi S, Rajapure G, D’Souza M, Bajpai S (2013) Community driven vulnerability evaluation PROGRAMME DESIGNER-A handbook incorporating vulnerability to climate change into project design and implementation. Watershed Organisation Trust, Pune. http://wotr.org/sites/default/files/WOTR-PD-handbook-Final-Web-Version.pdf
Samuel A, Lobo C, Zade D, Srivatsa S, Phadtare A, Gupta N, Raskar V (2015) Watershed development, resilience and livelihood security: an empirical analysis. WOTR, Pune
Singh S (2012) Local governance and environment investments in Hiware bazar, India. In: Ecological economics from the ground up. Routledge, London, pp 191–202
Swart R, Robinson J, Cohen S (2003) Climate change and sustainable development: expanding the options. Clim Pol 3:S19–S40
Thornton PK, Cramer L (2012) Impacts of climate change on the agricultural and aquatic systems and natural resources within the CGIAR’s mandate. CCAFS Working Paper 23. Copenhagen, Denmark: CCAFS
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2011) India factsheet: economic and human development indicators. Available at: http://www.in.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/india_factsheet_economic_n_hdi.pdf
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (2008) World resources 2008: roots of resilience growing the wealth of the poor. World Resources Institute. 262p. http://www.wri.org/publication/world-resources-2008-roots-of-resilience
Venkateswarlu B, Prasad JVNS (2012) Carrying capacity of Indian agriculture: issues related to rainfed agriculture. Current Science 882–888
Watershed Organisation Trust (WOTR)/The WOTR Centre for Resilience Studies (W-CReS) (2018) Towards resilient livelihoods in rural areas: a methodology for adaptation planning across scales. Unpublished document
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Phadtare, A., Vyas, S., D’Souza, M., Zade, D., Shinde, Y. (2019). From Vulnerability Assessments to Low/No Regret Resilience Planning in Rural Contexts. In: Leal Filho, W. (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Resilience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71025-9_48-1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71025-9_48-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-71025-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-71025-9
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Earth and Environm. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences