Abstract
Erysipeloid is an acute infection due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a gram-positive bacillus. It may present as a localized cutaneous form, a generalized cutaneous form with widespread erythematous-edematous lesions and symptoms such as fever, lymphadenitis, and arthralgia. Healing normally occurs spontaneously in 2 weeks with desquamation or suppuration. Diagnosis is mainly clinical. Recommended treatment centers on antibiotics with, e.g., penicillin. Prevention includes good sanitation, reduction of trauma, systematic slaughtering of infected animals, and wearing of protective gloves.
Query (Q) fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, a gram-negative bacterium. Farm animals and pets are the main reservoir of human infections. Epidemiological studies indicate Q fever as a public health problem in many countries. Therapy centers on doxycycline. Query fever infections resolve in most cases. Prevention includes protection measures such as protective clothing, tick control strategies, good hygiene practice, and systematic slaughtering of infected animals.
Tinea pedis is caused by dermatophytes and usually leads to an infection of the feet or toes. Living in an institution, especially when washing facilities are shared, is likely to increase the chances of infection. All professions demanding the wearing of shoes that may occlude the skin are more frequently affected by tinea pedis. Diagnosis is made clinically and by fungal culture. Mild interdigital tinea pedis can be treated topically with broad-spectrum antifungal. Prevention includes treatment of onychomycosis if present, treatment of associated diseases such as vesicular eczema and hyperhidrosis, and adequate hygiene of the feet.
Vitiligo-like skin lesions may occur in the rubber industry when thiols and quinones are used as additives. Treatment comprises identifying the underlying etiology and prevention of skin contact with the causing agent.
Psoriasis of the hands may present as keratotic patches on the palms, usually not displaying the classical features of psoriatic lesions elsewhere on the body. In the work environment, skin trauma and mechanical affections of the hands are aggravating factors of psoriasis. No specific occupation predominates. It is estimated that occupational contact psoriasis probably accounts for 1.2% of all occupational dermatoses.
Borreliosis is the most common tick-transmitted disease in the Northern Hemisphere caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi species. Diagnosis is made by clinical findings, a history of tick bites (up to 50% of patients do not remember the tick bite), and laboratory testings. Prevention of tick bites and borreliosis comprises a combination of primary prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment.
Keywords
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Angelakis E, Raoult D (2010) Q fever. Vet Microbiol 140:297–309
Brans R, Hübner A, Gediga G, John SM (2015) Prevalence of foot eczema and associated occupational and non-occupational factors in patients with hand eczema. Contact Dermatitis 73:100–107
Brooke CJ, Riley TV (1999) Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: bacteriology, epdidemiology and clinical manifestation of an occupational pathogen. J Med Microbiol 48:789–799
Hayes EB, Piesman J (2003) How can we prevent Lyme disease? N Engl J Med 348:2424–2430
Kumar B, Saraswat A, Kaur I (2002) Palmoplantar lesions in psoriasis: a study of 3065 patients. Acta Derm Venereol 82:192–195
Larsabal M, Marti A, Jacquemin C, Rambert J, Thiolat D, Dousset L, Taieb A, Dutriaux C, Prey S, Boniface K, Seneschal J (2017) Vitiligo-like lesions occurring in patients receiving anti-programmed cell death-1 therapies are clinically and biologically distinct from vitiligo. J Am Acad Dermatol 76:863–870
Mahler V, Diepgen TL, Skudlik C, Becker D, Dickel H, Fartasch M, Geier J, Häberle M, Hiller U, Krohn S, John SM, Weisshaar E, Werfel T, Zagrodnik F (2014) For the work group “assessment of allergens in occupational skin disease (BK)= 5101” of the study group occupational and environmental dermatology (ABD) and the German contact dermatitis group (DKG) of the German Dermatological Society. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 12(6):519–529
Malouin R, Winch P, Leontsini E, Glass G, Simon D, Hayses EB, Schwartz BS (2003) Longitudinal evaluation of an educational intervention for preventing tick bites in an area with endemic Lyme disease in Baltimore County, Maryland. Am J Epidemiol 157:1039–1051
Moroni P, Cazzaniga R, Pierini F, Panella V, Zerboni R (1988) Occupational contact psoriasis. Dermatosen 36:163–164
O'Connor AM, Auvermann BW, Dzikamunhenga RS, Glanville JM, Higgins JPT, Kirychuk SP, Sargeant JM, Totton SC, Wood H, Von Essen SG (2017) Updated systematic review: associations between proximity to animal feeding operations and health of individuals in nearby communities. Syst Rev 6(1):86
Oehme R, Hartelt K, Backe H, Brockmann S, Kimmig P (2002) Foci of tick-borne disease in Southwest Germany. Int J Med Microbiol 291(suppl 33):22–29
Reboli AC, Farrar WE (1989) Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: an occupational pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 2:354–359
Sanchez E, Vannier E, Wormser GP, Hu LT (2016) Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis: a review. JAMA 315(16):1767–1777
Seebacher C, Bouchara JP, Mignon B (2008) Updates on the epidemiology of dermatophyte infections. Mycopathologica 166:335–352
Stanek G, Strle F (2003) Lyme borreliosis. Lancet 362:1639–1647
Stjernberg L, Berglund J (2002) Risk of acquiring tick bites in South-Eastern Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 34:840–844
van der Hoek W, Dijkstra F, Schimmer B, Schneeberger PM, Vellema P, Wijkmans C, Scheggert R, Hackert V, van Duynhoven Y (2010) Q fever in the Netherlands: an update on the epidemiology and control measures. Euro Surveill 15(12):19520
Veraldi S, Girgenti V, Dassoni F, Gianotti R (2009) Erysipeloid. A review. Clin Experimental Dermatol 34:859–862
Wallensten A, Morre P, Webster H, Johnsons C, van der Burgt G, Pritchard G, Oliver I (2010) Q fever outbreak in Cheltenham, United Kingdom, in 2007 and the use of dispersion modelling to investigate the possibility of airborne spread. Euro Surveill 15(12):19521
Wang Q, Chang BJ, Riley TV (2010) Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Vet Microbiol 140:405–417
Weisshaar E, Schäfer A, Scheidt RW, Bruckner T, Apfelbacher CJ, Diepgen TL (2006) Epidemiology of tick bites and borreliosis in children attending kindergarten or so-called “forest kindergarten” in Southwest Germany. J Invest Dermatol 126:584–590
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Weisshaar, E., Diepgen, T.L. (2020). Other Occupational Skin Diseases. In: John, S., Johansen, J., Rustemeyer, T., Elsner, P., Maibach, H. (eds) Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-68615-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-68617-2
eBook Packages: MedicineReference Module Medicine