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Ecofriendly Nanomaterials for Sustainable Photocatalytic Decontamination of Organics and Bacteria

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Handbook of Ecomaterials

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Abstract

Rampant pollution of water/air due to hazardous industrial effluents and harmful bacteria has overwhelmingly threatened the very existence and well-being of ecosystem and mankind. According to 2017 survey by the World Health Organization (WHO), 844 million people lack access to safe drinking water. Water contamination occurs mainly due to discharge of improper or untreated wastewater dislodged into natural water reservoirs expedited by urbanization and industrial development. Such circumstances have sparked a need to develop cost-effective, energy-efficient technologies for environment remediation. Photocatalysis serves as a panacea to utilize green, omnipresent, and inexhaustible solar irradiation to facilitate redox reactions for decontamination of various pollutants.

The chapter commences with background to the environmental problems faced by mankind, followed by working principle of photocatalysis and state-of-the-art progress in development of photocatalytic materials. The key challenge lies in designing materials with ability to harvest entire spectrum of solar irradiation (5% UV, 47% visible, and 47% infrared) to fullest efficiency. Hence, the attention of researchers has shifted from UV-responsive materials to alternative visible light-active materials. To complement these efforts, strategies such as band gap engineering, heterojunction fabrication, induction of electric field, tuning defects, and morphology modification are adopted.

Nevertheless, green synthesis of highly efficient photocatalysts and their recyclability still remains a challenge. Hence, dedicated efforts toward alternative ecofriendly materials were made. A concise introduction to a broad range of newer carbon-based materials like carbon quantum dots, graphene and graphene oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, and photocatalysts with induced magnetism is offered. It also gives account of degradation mechanisms, fate of pollutants, their toxicity and utilization for bacterial disinfection. The recent trends in exploring and designing of nanomaterials and their wider ramifications toward pollution abatement are elucidated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India

    Archana Charanpahari

  2. Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India

    Archana Charanpahari & Nidhi Gupta

  3. Department of Chemistry, Visvesvarya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India

    Vidyasagar Devthade

  4. School of Chemistry, Hyderabad Central University, Hyderabad, India

    Sachin Ghugal

  5. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India

    Jatin Bhatt

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  1. Archana Charanpahari
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  2. Nidhi Gupta
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  3. Vidyasagar Devthade
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  4. Sachin Ghugal
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  5. Jatin Bhatt
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Correspondence to Archana Charanpahari .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ingeniería Civil Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Leticia Myriam Torres Martínez

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico

    Oxana Vasilievna Kharissova

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León UANL, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Boris Ildusovich Kharisov

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Charanpahari, A., Gupta, N., Devthade, V., Ghugal, S., Bhatt, J. (2019). Ecofriendly Nanomaterials for Sustainable Photocatalytic Decontamination of Organics and Bacteria. In: Martínez, L., Kharissova, O., Kharisov, B. (eds) Handbook of Ecomaterials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_179

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